番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性检测  

Sensitivities of Phytophthora infestans to Metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, and Dimethomorph

作　　者：朱桂宁[1] 黄福新[1] 冯兰香[2] 秦碧霞[1] 杨宇红[2] 陈永惠[1] 陆秀红[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院植物保护研究所,南宁530007 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第5期1355-1365,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：广西青年基金资助项目(桂科青0339016);亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心泰国分中心(AVRDC2ARC)资助项目;国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2001BA509B060)

摘　　要：【目的】研究广西番茄晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,以期为该病的综合治理提供科学依据。【方法】用菌落生长直径法测定病菌对甲霜灵、霜脲氰和烯酰吗啉的敏感性,并用叶盘漂浮法加以比较。【结果】2000～2006年,从广西8个冬春植番茄区采集分离了239个菌株,测定结果表明,对甲霜灵表现为敏感型、中间型和抗性型的频率分别为42.26%、35.98%和23.53%,不同地区和年份的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性差异很大。来自田林县、武宣县的菌株均为甲霜灵敏感性菌株,但在田阳县,抗甲霜灵菌株占优势,抗性频率高达51.35%,一些菌株的EC50值在500μg·ml-1以上,抗性水平超过105倍。虽然霜脲氰在广西使用了近10年,烯酰吗啉也已应用了5～6年,但并未检测到番茄晚疫病菌对它们的敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体,病菌的敏感性接近正态分布,因此可以采用它们的平均EC50值(霜脲氰0.1647±0.0255μg·ml-1,烯酰吗啉0.0970±0.0052μg·ml-1)作为抗药性监测的敏感性基线。叶盘漂浮法测定结果与菌落生长直径法一致。【结论】广西田林县、武宣县和南宁市番茄晚疫病菌尚未出现抗甲霜灵菌株,仍可用甲霜灵来防治该病,而其它地区则应减少或不使用甲霜灵,改用霜脲氰或烯酰吗啉。[ Objective ] The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in Guangxi Municipality were determined for their sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph in order to give the basic information for integrated disease management. [Method] Sensitivities were tested by measuring radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, and compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. [Result] Two hundred and thirty-nine isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000 to 2006. The testing results showed that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate and resistant isolates to metalaxyi were 42.26%, 35.98% and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities among isolates from different areas or different years were very signifcant for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan Counties were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang County, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of some isolates from Tianyang County were higher than 500 μg·ml^-1 and their resistance levels were over 100 000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used nearly for 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, no remarkable decreasing in sensitivity of P. infestans populations has been detected, and the sensitivities of the pathogen displaied nearly normal distribution. Hence their mean ECs0 value （cymoxanil 0.1647±0.0255 μg·ml^-1, dimethomorph 0.0970±0.0052 μg·ml^-1） could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the situation of field resistance dynamic development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicated both techniques provided equivalent results. [Conclusion] These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan Counties and Nanning area because use of metalaxyl should be reduced blight disease of tomato. the resistant isolates had still or alternated, and cymoxanil not been found, while for those areas found resistant isolates, the use of metalaxyl should

关 键 词：番茄晚疫病菌 甲霜灵 霜脲氰 烯酰吗啉 敏感性 

分 类 号：S436.412[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]