苎麻性别分化与乙烯的关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Sex Differentiation and Ethylene in Ramie

作　　者：邢虎成[1] 佘玮[1] 罗中钦[1] 秦占军[1] 揭雨成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第5期1423-1428,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270849)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨乙烯在苎麻性别分化过程中的作用。【方法】采用气相色谱对不同性别苎麻茎尖内源乙烯释放速率、二麻期不同性别苎麻材料不同节位花芽乙烯释放速率、雌雄同株苎麻材料不同性别单花序乙烯释放速率进行测定。同时喷施乙烯抑制剂(AVG和AgNO3)对苎麻性别进行控制。【结果】在苎麻生长过程中,茎尖乙烯的释放速率二麻期大于三麻期,雌性苎麻的茎尖乙烯释放速率大于雌雄同株苎麻。二麻性别决定后期雌性苎麻乙烯释放率随着节位的升高而升高,雌雄同株苎麻的乙烯释放速率表现为低节位和高节位相差不大,而中间节位乙烯释放速率较低。三麻性别决定后期雌性苎麻乙烯释放速率随节位升高呈现高-低-高的变化趋势,而雌雄同株苎麻的乙烯释放速率则呈现低-高-低的变化趋势。对于雌雄同株苎麻来说,乙烯释放速率表现为雌花序>混合花序>雄花序。AVG有极显著的诱雄效果。与对照比,AVG可以显著使苎麻的第一雄花节位,雌花比和雌雄比降低,AgNO3可以显著增加苎麻的混合花比,降低雌花比。【结论】苎麻性别分化与内源乙烯密切相关,高水平乙烯释放速率诱导雌性苎麻的产生。乙烯合成抑制剂AVG和作用抑制剂AgNO3均可以抑制雌性花的形成,其中以AVG处理的效果较好,浓度以300mg·L-1最佳。[ Objective ] The aim of this experiment is to explore the role of ethylene in sexual determination in ramie. [ Method ] The ethylene release rates in ramie stem apex of different sexes at different times, bud of the same node in female and hermaphrodite ramie in second crop and single inflorescence of different sexes in hermaphrodite ramie were measured by gas chromatography. Effects of two ethylene inhibitors on sex expression in ramie were investigated. [ Result ] The ethylene release rate of stem apex was higher in the second crop or female ramie than that in the third crop or hermaphrodite ramie during growth. Although ethylene release rates between lower nodes and higher nodes were little different, it was lower in the middle nodes in hermaphrodite ramie. The ethylene release rates were higher in the higher nodes of female ramie in the second crop. In third crop, the ethylene release rates were higher in lower nodes, lower in middle nodes and then highest in higher nodes in female ramie. However, an opposite ethylene release pattern was observed in hermaphrodite ramie. The ethylene release rate was higher in female flower than male flower and mixed inflorescence in hermaphrodite ramie. The male flower could be distinctly induced by AVG. The node of the first male flower, percentage of female flowers and ratio of female flowers to male in ramie were evidently depressed by AVG in contrast to water. The percentage of mixed male and female flowers was also increased and the percentage of female flower decreased by spraying AgNO3. [Conclusion]There was close relationship between sexual differentiation and ethylene release rate in ramie. The female ramie could be induced by high ethylene release rate. The female flower could be inhibited by AVG and AgNO3. AVG at a concentration of 300 mg·L^-1 was the most effective.

关 键 词：苎麻 性别分化 乙烯 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]