风沙物理学中两个焦点问题研究现状与未来研究思路刍议  

Status and Prospect of Study on Two Focuses in Aeolian Physics

作　　者：丁国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2008年第3期395-398,共4页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471422);"十一五"国家科技支撑课题(2006BAD26B03)资助

摘　　要：风沙物理学经过数十年的发展与完善,可以说基本上自成体系。但由于学科的起步较晚,加之现象的复杂性,目前仍有很多重要的理论问题没能彻底解决,至少还未达成共识,成为学术界长期以来争论的焦点,从而影响了学科的继续发展。对"沙粒起动机制"和"风成沙纹的形成机理"两个焦点问题在进行研究现状剖析的基础上,浅析未来研究思路。提出沙粒起动主要驱动力是驻点升力的观点,以空气动力学理论为基础的沙粒起动机制研究将是未来该领域的发展趋势;关于沙纹的形成,认为沙粒粒径的不均匀性以及所导致的非平衡运动是前提和基础,风沙流运动过程中类似左右沙丘运动的蚀积转换规律是使沙纹能够维持其稳定形态的必要条件,而沙纹有规律、整齐划一的分布与排列可能与背风面气流小尺度的涡流有关。Aeolian Physics has built a complete own system after decades＇ development and improvement. However, there are still lots of important theories or problems haven＇t been solved thoroughly or at least no consensus has been reached in academic circles due to late start of subject and complexity of phenomena. As a result, they become the bone of contention in academic field, which have constrained the development of Aeolian Physics. As for the two focus, starting mechanism of sand grains＇ and formation mechanism of aeolian ripples＇, this paper gives its prospect of study concepts on the basis of analyzing its present study status. A view is put forward that the stagnation point lift is the main driving force for sand grains to start, besides, research on the mechanism of sand grains starting which based on aerodynamics will become the principal trend in this field. In terms of ripple＇s formation, the author holds that its prerequisite and basis are unevenness of sand grain diameter and non-equilibrium movement resulted from unevenness; its necessity of maintaining the ripples shape is the erosion-accumulation transforming regulation that controls the movements of sand dunes. The ripple＇s regular and uniform distribution and arrangement may have something to do with the small-scale vortex in the leeward side.

关 键 词：风沙物理 沙粒起动 沙纹 驻点升力 涡流 

分 类 号：P931[天文地球—自然地理学] V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]