散枝猪毛菜的果实多型性及个体大小依赖的繁殖输出  

Study on Fruit Polymorphism and Size-dependent Reproductive Output of Salsola bracchita

作　　者：魏岩[1] 王宏飞[1] 安沙舟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2008年第3期357-362,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660033);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(2005);新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室资助

摘　　要：对散枝猪毛菜在自然种群中的个体大小、结实和萌发特性进行了观察。结果表明:①自然种群中,散枝猪毛菜具有大小不同的个体,其在植物体干重、株高、分枝级数、节数上具有显著差异,其个体大小表现出极大的可塑性;②散枝猪毛菜产生4种不同类型的果实(种子),并具有不同的萌发行为和散布特性;③依据个体大小的变化,4种类型的果实在植株上的比例发生了显著变化;随着植物个体的增大,A型果实所占比例逐渐增多,由2.253%增加到24.116%,B型果实所占比例逐渐增多,由6.026%增加到41.307%,C型果实所占比例逐渐减少,由81.561%减少到17.709%,D型果实所占比例逐渐增多,由8.077%增加到17.087%。总之,散枝猪毛菜个体大小的表型可塑性和果实多型性是对荒漠异质环境的一种适应。Salsola brachiata Pall. , a dominant annual, is mainly distributed in deserts in the Junggar Basin, China, produces 4 types of utricles with different shapes, sizes, colors and sizes of wings on the fruits. Fruits of type A have lignified perianths with long wings and green utricles, and they can be easily dispersed for a long distance from their mother plants by wind. Fruits of type B have lignified perianths with short wings and green utri- cles, and they can also be easily dispersed for a long distance from their mother plants by wind. Fruits of type C have lignified perianths with short wings or without wings and green utricles, and they attach tightly on their mother plants. Fruits of type D have tepals and yellow utricles without wings, and they also attach tightly on their mother plants. Seeds of type A, type B and type C can germinate rapidly although the seeds of type C can germinate more quickly. Germination of the seeds of type D is slow with germination percentage less than 10%. In this paper, the Salsola brachiata plants and fruits with different sizes are lucubrated. The results show that the dry weight, plant height, branch series and nodes of Salsola brachiata plants are significantly different, and the shape, size, color and external structure of 4 types of fruits are also different. The total fruits of Salsola brachiata plants increase with the increase of plant size. With the increase of plant size, the proportions of the fruits of type A, type B and type D increase from 2. 253% to 24.116%, from 6.026% to 41. 307% and from 8. 077% to 17. 087%, respectively, but the proportion of the fruits of type C decreases from 81. 561% to 17. 709%. In short, the phenotypic plasticity of plant size and fruit polymorphism of Salsola brachiata are a kind of adaptability to the heterogeneous desert habitats.

关 键 词：散枝猪毛菜(Salsola brachiata) 个体大小 果实多型性 结实特性 表型可塑性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]