新疆阿克苏盐化潮土盐分特征及利用中存在的问题  

THE FEATURES OF SALT CONTENT IN SALINIZED CULTIVATED-DAMP SOIL AND SOME EXISTING PROBLEMS IN THE UTILIZATION OF SALINIZED LAND IN AKSU REGION, XINJIANG

作　　者：沈玉凌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》1997年第4期78-83,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家基金!49471005

摘　　要：新疆阿克苏地区盐化潮土盐分组成为硫酸钙类型。具有面积大．连片分布的特点。虽然盐分具有一定的表聚性，但表聚程度较弱。从盐化潮土在阿克苏地区的分布，盐分在土壤剖面的分布以及塔里木河流域水资源合理利用的角度而言，当地通过种稻洗盐改良盐化潮土的作法是不合理的。改良盐化潮土的根本途径应当是加强灌溉管理，完善排水系统。The distribution of salinized cultivated-damp soil is widespread in Aksu reglon, Xinjiang. The salt type of the salinized cultivated-damp soil is SO4-Ca. Salt content in the whole soil profile is high, especially in surface soil. one crop of rice a year brings about a lowering of salt 'content in the soil, and desalination is the most remarkable in the ploughed layer of the soi1 profile. However, the rice cultivation may only bring about the temporary benefits because of the poor drainage. A portion of salts can be removed out of the soil through drainage outlets, but the salts may rise again with the upward capillary water and accumulate in surface soil under a dry condition. After a dry farming is kept for one to three years, the beneficial effects of rice cultivation will disappear completely, and rice has to be planted once more. Thus, such a poor rotation system of rice and cotton is developed. It is considered that the high salt content in the salinized cultivated-damp soil ln Aksu region can not be thoroughly lowered by rice growing, on the contrary, rice growing makes the groundwater level rise up rapidly and causes the sa1t content in the soll in neerby area to rise up. Moreover, the increase of water consumption for irrigation rice brings about a reduction of the streamfIow of Tarim River. In such an arid area in a serious shortage of water) desalination by rice growing is a kind of water waste. A permanent way for lowering salt content of the salinized cultivated-damp soi1 in Aksu region is to strength irrigation management and improve drainage systems.

关 键 词：盐化潮土 盐化特征 新疆 盐分特征 土壤 

分 类 号：S155.33[农业科学—土壤学] S156.41[农业科学—农业基础科学]