滇东南锡多金属矿床成因商榷  

A Discussion on Genesis of the Tin Polymetallic Sulfide Deposits of Southeastern Yunnan

作　　者：周建平[1] 徐克勤[1] 华仁民[1] 赵懿英[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学系

出　　处：《云南地质》1997年第4期309-349,共41页Yunnan Geology

摘　　要：滇东的个旧、白牛厂、都花等大型多金属块状硫化物矿床，都曾为大多数人认为是典型的岩浆热液矿床。对硫化物矿物的系统研究发现，一些曾被认为是典型的岩浆热液成因的矿体，实际上是一些海底喷流沉积块状硫化物。因为在这些矿体中我们发现了颇状结构、球状（硫化物）结构、草枣林结构、条带状构造和层纹状构造等。除此之外，在个旧矿区还发现硫化物中有丝状管形虫（TubeWorm），这些管形虫可与现代海底喷流沉积中心附近，如“黑烟囱”或热泉口出现的管形虫相比较．这是一种特征的海底热液喷流沉积生物结构。白牛厂矿区大量的结构构造特征也充分表明其为海底喷流沉积成因。笔者依据一些基础地质方面的新发现，讨论了一些特殊组构的地质意义，总经探讨了岩体、地层和喷流沉积物的微量元素、稀土元素和稳定同位素特征及其意义。对硫化物矿物化学和共生组合的特点、这些矿区锡矿化和银矿化等问题也进行了一些阐述和讨论。花岗岩和喷流流积物中Ce负异常的发现说明了矿区下伏岩体和上理层状硫化物矿体之间的成因联系，即它们是形成海底沉积丘深部和喷出海底的两大部分，同时也表明层状硫化物矿体主要为喷流沉积成因而不是岩浆热液成因。花岗岩浆的侵入作用只是对层状矿体进行了某种改造作用，这种改造作用表?The Ge jiu, the Bainiuchang and the Dulong tin polymetallic massive sulfide deposits were used to be considered as typical rnagmatic hydrothermal deposits. However a systematic study on ore mineralogy reveals that most ore bodies are actually of ewhalative sedimentary 'genesis because oolitic sulfide texture, spherical sulfide texture, framboidal, laminar and banded textures are recently discovered in main ore bodies. In addition filamentous tube worm is also observed in colloidal pyrite, which is comparable to those counterparts occurring in modern active vents and smokers.This paper describes some characteristics of trace elements, REE, sulfur isotope, chemistry of sulfide minerals and their intergrowhs of the deposits, and discusses the significance of those typical textures mentioned above. Some characteristics of geochemistry and ore petrology are similar to those of modern exhalative sediments. A quantity of evidence indicates that the major massive sulfide ore deposits in this area are related to exhalative, sedimentation of pa1aeo -vents or palaeo -smokers in the basins other than to magmatic hydrothermal mineralization. The granites can be diveded into two groups: 1) granites, below the major ore bodies, comprising the dome with exhalative sediments, give rise to a heat metamorphism of preexisting ore bodies; 2) granites, occurring outside of the deposits, have no relation with mineralization.

关 键 词：锡矿床 多金属矿床 矿床成因 

分 类 号：P618.440.1[天文地球—矿床学] P618.201[天文地球—地质学]