贵州省老年前期与老年期人群耳疾与听力减退的流行病学调查  

Epidemiologic study on hearing impairment and ear diseases in the presenium and senium in Guizhou province

作　　者：刘宇清[1] 王幼勤[1] 杨崇玲[1] 许世文[2] 薛晓红[1] 李斐[1] 叶清[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省人民医院听力中心,贵阳550002 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2007年第4期363-367,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：WHO全球防聋项目资助(H-16-181-6);贵州省卫生厅计划课题(黔卫发[2003]150号)

摘　　要：目的调查目前贵州省老年前期与老年期(≥45岁)人群听力减退与耳疾的流行病学情况,为制定耳聋防治、康复计划提供科学依据。方法根据WHO方案,用容量比例概率抽样方法调查贵州省30个点的听力和耳疾情况,抽取年龄≥45岁的1554人进行统计分析。结果≥45岁人群听力减退率为49.3%(全国标准化率为47.5%,贵州标准化率为47.4%),其中轻度30.9%,中度13.0%,重度4.5%,极重度0.9%;听力残疾率为18.4%(全国标准化率为18.5%,贵州省标准化率为18.1%);性别、城乡及年龄组间听力减退差异有统计学意义。≥60岁(老年期)人群听力减退率为72.6%,听力残疾率为29.9%。听力减退的可能病因分别是:耳疾28.6%,传染病0.1%,遗传因素4.4%,非感染状况53.4%,病因不明24.3%(1人可有多种原因,故总数>100%)。1554名受检者中32.0%(498人)需要一项或多项干预治疗,其中85人次(5.5%)需要药物治疗,407人次(26.2%)需要配戴助听器,29人次(1.9%)需要外科手术治疗,18人次(1.2%)需要其他治疗。结论随着社会经济进程的加快,老年前期与老年期的听力减退和听力残疾率也迅速增长,老年性聋所占比例较大,应认真做好老年保健,提高听力减退的防治和康复技术,提高中老年人的生活质量和健康水平。Objective To investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases in presenium and senium in Guizhou province and to provide scientific data for drawing up the prevention and treatment strategies for deafness. Methods Using the probability proportion to size （PPS） method, 1554 people over 45 years old were investigated in 30 clusters in Guizhou province with the WHO protocol. Results Among ≥45 years old people, the prevalence of hearing impairment was 49.3% （the standardized rate： 47.5% in the whole country, 47.4% in Guizhou province）. Degrees of hearing impairment were mild in 30.9%, moderate in 13.0%, severe in 4.5% and profound in 0.9% for hearing-impaired persons, respectively. The prevalence of hearing disability was 18.4%（the standardized rate： 18.5% in the whole country, 18.1% in Guizhou province）. There were statistically significant differences of the prevalence between male and female, urban and rural, as well as different age groups. Among ≥60 years old people, the prevalence of hearing impairment was 72.6% and the prevalence of hearing disability was 29.9%. The causes of hearing impairment were ear diseases（28.6%）, infectious diseases（0.1%）, genetic condition（4.4%）, non-infective condition（53.4%） and undetermined causes（24.3%）. Of 1554 subjects, 498 persons needed intervention. Five point five percent of them needed medicine treatment, 26.2% of them needed hearing aids, 1.9% of them needed surgery and 1.2% of them needed other treatments. Conclusion Along with the advancement of social economy speeding up, the prevalence of the hearing impairment and disability in the presenium and senium also rised rapidly. With presbycusis accounting for a large proportion of the aged population, health care for the aged should be strenthened and the techniques of prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment should be enhanced to improve the quality of life and health level in old people.

关 键 词：老年前期 老年期 听力减退 听力残疾 流行病学 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R181.32[医药卫生—临床医学]