论山西褐土区农田土壤干燥化问题  

Studies on soil desiccation of croplands in cinnamon soil region of Shanxi

作　　者：牛俊杰[1] 赵景波[1] 王尚义[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]太原师范学院地理科学系,太原030012

出　　处：《地理研究》2008年第3期519-526,共8页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471033);山西省基础研究项目(2007011100)、(20051082)

摘　　要：以山西褐土区离石、忻州、太原、寿阳、临猗等地玉米、小麦农田为主要研究对象，选取5个代表性样点12个剖面采集0～600cm深度土壤样品，研究分析不同季节土壤垂直剖面水分状况。结果表明，该区玉米、小麦等农田中普遍存在土壤干层，轻度和中度干层都有显现；季节性干层的存在是该地区农作物易于发生干旱灾害的主要原因；晋中玉米地轻度干层发育到了600cm以下；晋南由于长期气候干旱，导致干燥化程度加重，轻度土壤干燥化也已发育到了600cm；晋西玉米地400cm接近轻度干化，晋北玉米地轻度干层也已达到600cm深度。农田季节性干层、深层土壤干层的出现严重影响了农田土壤的水循环；降水量少是本区农田干层产生的主要原因，但农田生产力提高、植被密度和蒸发对临时性干层形成的影响也不可忽视；选择低耗水、深根系的旱地作物，同时合理密植、有条件的地方实施灌溉等都是减缓农田干层的有效途径。This article, taking corn and wheat fields in Lishi, Xinzhou, Taiyuan, Shouy ang, Linyi as examples, selects five representative 0～600cm deep soils （some are 700cm deep） separately from 12 profiles to analyze soil moisture situation in different seasons and different vertical profiles. The research obtains： The dry layer of soil in the Loess Plateau regionexists universally in corn and wheat fields of the study area, presenting both in mild and moderate dry layers. The characteristic of seasonal dry layer is the main cause that makes crops in the region liable to be hit by drought. The mild dry layer in Jinzhong exists in soils below 600cm. The long-term drought in southern Shanxi; aggravates desiccation degree, the dryness of mild soil has also developed to 600cm. The dry layer of soil in 400cm in western Shanxi tends to be mild. The dry soil layer in northern Shanxi reaches 600cm, indicating a mild dryness there. The occurrence of seasonal dry layer and deep soil dryness of farmland seriously affects the farmland soil water circulation. The main reason that causes the natural phenomenon of the development of dry layer of the local farmland is scarce precipitation,but the formation of temporary dry layer due to increase of productivity, vegetation density and evaporation have also exerted noticeable influence. To mitigate farmland dryness the effective ways are to select low-water consumption dryland crops, and to practise rational close planting, and irrigation in places where condition are permitted.

关 键 词：土壤干燥化 农田 山西褐土区 干化等级 干层发育深度 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]