高斯函数参量法及其在山区降水计算中的应用  

Gauss parameter method and its application in calculating the rainfall from the mountainous areas

作　　者：张小咏[1] 刘耕年[2] 李永化[3] 陈正超[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [3]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,大连116029 [4]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《地理研究》2008年第3期594-602,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(90102016)资助

摘　　要：本文根据乌鲁木齐河流域7个雨量站点多年（17～61年）的月平均降水数据的统计规律，提出一种新的、能够同时满足空间维和时间维插值需求的降水分布及降水量计算模型——高斯函数参量化法。该模型根据高斯函数的几何意义和降水分布规律，给高斯函数的参数赋予了明确的物理意义，从而把对降水量和分布函数规律的计算转化为对高斯函数少量参数（1～3个）的估计。不仅能够实现山区降水在时间上和空间上的插值，而且能够实现降水量和降水分布函数的相互转换。特别是能解决在高山区降水数据稀缺条件下的降水量和降水分布估计的问题。大大提高了降水数据的可用性。Based on the seven monthly mean precipitation data averaged over years from the Urumqi River basin, the authors put forward the Gauss parameter model which can meet the interpolation demand in time and space dimensions. The fitting goodness of the models is 4%. This model builds the relationship between the Gauss function and precipitation, according to the mathematical meaning of the Gauss function and distributional rule of precipitation, and converts the traditional interpolation into function model, advances the application of the precipitation data, solves the problem of calculating precipitation and precipitation distribution under the conditions of the scarcity of rainfall data, especially in the alpine mountain with sparse meteorological stations. It will significantly improve the availability of precipitation data. This paper presents the principle, derivation process and the typical application methods, integrating with specific data. The precipitation distribution simulated by the Gaussian function is consistent with the actual precipitation amount. Each parameter of Gaussian function has a very clear physical meaning. The method of Gaussian function parameter has a strong practical value, and is widely used. The details are discussed below. As the time function of precipitation distribution, the model can calculate precipitation amount of any time. Through integration of the precipitation distribution function within a certain period, the precipitation amount of any time cycle can be calculated. Through the spatial interpolation of rainfall distribution parameters of different sites, the precipitation distribution function can be achieved in different regions, thereby calculating the precipitation amount of any time periods and at any time. The simplified Gauss model can transform the estimates of three parameters into one parameter, which can meet the needs of application in the high mountains with sparse meteorological stations, but also can calculate precipitation amount in the historical per

关 键 词：高斯参量法 山区降水 降水分布函数 乌鲁木齐河流域 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]