中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素  

Locational studies of Chinese manufacturing industries

作　　者：贺灿飞[1] 谢秀珍[1] 潘峰华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与经济地理学系,北京100871

出　　处：《地理研究》2008年第3期623-635,共13页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然基金青年基金(40401015);重点课题(40535027)阶段性成果

摘　　要：改革开放以来,中国制造业空间格局发生了显著变化,多数产业在20世纪80年代趋于空间分散而在90年代趋于地理集中;大部分省区的制造业结构逐渐多元化,90年代后期以来趋于专业化。中国制造业的地理格局存在显著的产业间差异,出口加工型产业越来越向沿海省区集中,原材料指向型更加接近资源地而比较分散,消费市场导向型产业需要就近市场也趋于分散,各地区竞相发展的高利润、高税收产业也更趋于分散。本文系统考察了影响各制造业省区地理分布的区位因素,发现影响我国制造业省区分布的重要因素依次为政策和制度因素、劳动力素质和成本、规模经济、自然资源和区位通达性,但不同类型产业的地理分布影响因素差异较大。Economic transition, which can be conceptualized a triple process of marketization, globalization and decentralization, has significantly shaped China＇s economic geography. Marketization introduced market competition and allowed market forces to distribute resources, stimulating firms to locate along the line of comparative advantages. Economic globalization further opened the Chinese economy to international competition, encouraging the geographical concentration of Chinese industries. Regional decentralization however induced fierce interregional competition, resulting in local protectionism and rational imitation of industrial policies and therefore stimulating the geographical dispersion of Chiese industries. As economic transition proceeds, there has been substantial spatial restructuring in Chinese manufacturing industries. Most industries experienced spatially dispersing process in the 1980s and have been increasingly agglomerated since the early 1990s. Chinese provinces had been diversifying their industrial compositions in the 1980s but have been gradually more specialized since the late 1990s. The geographical patterns of Chinese manufacturing industries significantly vary by industry. Statistical results show that significant locational determinants of Chinese manufacturing industries include industrial policies, labor quality and cost, scale economies, natural resources and market accessibility. The significance of locational determinants also depends on the nature of industries. The empirical results would provide scientific supports for regional industrial policies.

关 键 词：产业地理分布 自然优势 集聚经济 产业政策 中国 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F224