北京市5种园林树木蒸腾作用模拟研究  

Comparison of Whole-tree Transpiration of Five Greening Tree Species in Beijing

作　　者：李新宇[1] 赖娜娜[1] 孙林[2] 郄怡彬[1] 蔺艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市园林科学研究所,北京100102 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《植物学通报》2008年第3期315-321,共7页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：北京市科委重大攻关项目城市节水型园林绿地的研究与示范项目(No.D0605001000021)

摘　　要：通过对北京市园林5种常用乔木,国槐(Sophorajaponica)、银杏(Ginkgobiloba)、白蜡(Fraxinuschinensis)、杜仲(Eucommiaulmoides)和臭椿(Ailanthusaltissima)等植物蒸腾作用与周围环境气象因子(温度、湿度、太阳有效辐射)及植株叶面积指数相关关系的研究,利用Javis公式计算冠层气孔阻力,同时采用PM公式计算冠层蒸腾速率和植株日蒸腾量,并分析不同乔木的冠层气孔导度对环境主要驱动因子的响应规律。结果表明:5种被观测乔木中,国槐耗水量最大,白蜡耗水量最小,植株蒸腾量大小依次为国槐>银杏>杜仲>臭椿>白蜡(P<0.01)。植物叶片气孔导度及蒸腾量与环境驱动因子太阳辐射及水气压亏缺的相关关系表明,在土壤水分条件较好时,国槐长势优于其它4种乔木,但是其对水分的利用不够经济,在干旱的情况下不能有效节水。To explore the water use characteristics of city-greening tree species in Beijing, we used the thermal dissipation probe method to continuously measure sap flow of Sophora japonica, Ginkgo biloba, Fraxinus chinensis, Eucommia uloides and Ailanthus altissima. Simultaneously, we also monitored environmental factors such as photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, air temperature and air relative humidity. Whole-tree transpiration was simulated by means of the JAVIS model and PM equation. Among the five species, the whole-tree transpiration was highest in S. japonica and lowest in F. chinensis. Whole-tree transpiration, canopy stomatal conductance and the environmental driving factors of radiation and vapour pressure deficit were significantly correlated on a daily scale. S. japonica can grow well in sunny and lightly dry conditions, whereas G. biloba, F. chinensis, E. uloides and A. altissima can grow well in medium sunny and humid conditions.

关 键 词：冠层 茎流 气孔导度 蒸腾 乔木 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]