济南市城市森林信息提取及景观格局分析  

Landscape Pattern Analysis of Urban Forest in Jinan

作　　者：郑国强[1] 赵清[2] 朱鹏[3] 史同广[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学地理信息系统实验室,济南250101 [2]徐州师范大学城市与环境学院,徐州221116 [3]黄河三角洲发展研究中心,东营257091

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第5期786-791,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：建设部科技发展计划项目:“基于RS和GIS技术的城市绿地生态网络体系的研究与构建”(编号:06-k9-12)

摘　　要：本文以济南市近期高分辨率遥感图像作为主要解译信息源,运用人工目视解译分类技术进行了济南市主城区城市森林景观空间分布信息的遥感调查。然后通过对城市森林景观类型与其空间形态特征和属性间关系的调查分析,建立了类型、属性和形态间的关系,并以此为依据,进一步进行了以几何信息为主要分类依据的城市森林景观分类的计算机自动提取,获取了济南市主城区城市森林景观类型分布图。在此基础上,选取景观多样性、破碎度和分维数等景观指数,对济南市主城区城市森林景观格局进行了定量分析。研究表明:济南市斑块单元面积大于0.5hm2的城市森林总体覆盖率较适中,但存在严重的区域不平衡现象,城市森林景观生态特性区域差异极为明显,森林景观斑块受人类活动强烈干扰。最后,根据景观格局分析的结果,对济南市景观格局优化和城市森林建设问题提出了一些建议。Using high-resolution remote sensing images of Jinan from May 2006, we extracted forest landscape areas based on visual interpretation. Urban forest distribution was then mapped using ARCGIS software. The classification accuracy, as assessed with field surveys and a confusion matrix, was more than 95 % . Digital classification of land cover types was based on the landscape classification system and spatial geometric configuration. Forest types were grouped into four categories based on community characteristics and level of human disturbance： natural forest, natural strip-shaped forest, planted forest and planted strip-shaped forest. Landscape diversity, landscape fragmentation and landscape fractal dimension were quantitatively calculated and qualitatively analyzed. Total forest cover in the central urban area of Jinan （patch area 〈 0.5hm^2） is 129.47hm^2 and the total proportion of urban forest cover is 17.5 % . Overall, the proportion of forest land cover is moderate, and is highly variable among different areas. Terrain differences affect spatial distribution and forest type. Natural forests are the dominant type of urban forest, but the ecological characteristics of urban forests vary among different areas. Landscape patches of urban forest are affected by human activities, and forest patch shape tends to be simple. Based on the landscape pattern analysis, this paper makes some suggestions about optimization of landscape pattern and establishment of urban forests in Jinan. Urban forest management should no longer focus on increasing total urban forest area, but should improve spatial distribution by combining small patches of less than 0.5hm2 into larger patches, and optimizing the existing forest landscape pattern. Natural forest areas should be protected, and the impact of human activities limited. Landscape design should promote the function of the landscape as a corridor, based on current landscape characteristics.

关 键 词：城市森林 遥感 景观格局 景观生态学 济南市 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]