下斜方肌肌皮瓣解剖学特点及在头面颈部缺损修复中的移植应用前景  

Anatomic characteristics of the lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap and its prospect application in repairing head, face and neck defects

作　　者：于红敏[1] 宋维铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院,北京市100144

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2008年第18期3553-3556,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：下斜方肌肌皮瓣移植的临床应用广泛,尤其是超长下斜方肌肌皮瓣移植大大扩展了其临床应用范围。斜方肌有多支营养血管,下斜方肌的主要营养血管是颈横动脉浅降支和颈横动脉深支,位置恒定,解剖简单。副神经是斜方肌的支配神经,下斜方肌肌皮瓣的切取一般不会损伤副神经。下斜方肌肌皮瓣的临床应用灵活,可以设计成超长下斜方肌肌皮瓣,扩大其临床应用范围。下斜方肌肌皮瓣血流动力学的研究有"超灌注学说"和"血管网学说",但其可切取的末端位置还不明确。下斜方肌肌皮瓣的适应证及优缺点可以指导临床应用。随着血流动力学的进一步研究,下斜方肌肌皮瓣必将有广阔的临床应用前景。The transplantation of the lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap has been widely used in clinic. Especially, the transplantation of the extended lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap increases its range of clinical application. The major arterial supply to the trapezius muscle is from the superficial descending branch of the transverse cervical artery and the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery, which run unvaryingly and can be found easily. Accessory never that controls the trapezius will be kept well when the lower trapezious musculocutaneous flap is dissected. There are extended lower trapezius musculocutaneous flap to match the clinical applications. The achievements about the blood rheology include ＂vascular territories＂ and ＂overtaking infusion＂, but the distal limitation of this flap design is still unknown. We can apply the flap according to its advantages and disadvantages. Following the research of blood rheology, the lower tapezious musculocutaneous flap will be used more and more widely.

关 键 词：皮肤移植 外科皮瓣 斜方肌/解剖学和组织学 组织移植 

分 类 号：R617[医药卫生—外科学]