有机地质大分子结构与未熟油生成  

STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC GEOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AND GENERATION OF IMMATURE OIL

作　　者：秦匡宗[1] 郭绍辉[1] 李术元[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油大学

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》1997年第5期1-6,共6页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!V49672126;中国石油天然气总公司"九五"科技项攻关项目!96O006-08

摘　　要：未熟油是一种重要的非常规油资源。从有机地质大分子结构的角度，分析讨论了对有利于生成米熟油的地质大分子的结构特征：首先是应包含有丰富的长链脂族结构，以亚甲基碳含量为参数；同时从分解能与活化能的关系，用动力学参数阐明了大分子中包含有一定数量弱交联键的重要性，这些弱键主要包括由杂原子构成的脂族硫碳键、醚键和酯键，以及烷基与芳环相联的卢位键等，并分别评价了这些结构参数的分析方法；对地质大分子的分子量与交联度对未熟油生成的重要作用，也进行了讨论。据此，从大分子结构演化的观点，描述了未熟油生成的化学过程。Immature oil is a kind of important irregular oil resource. From the view point of the structure of organic geologicalmacromolecules, structural characteristics of the macromolecules favorable to the generation of immature oil are discussed.Firstly, they have to be abundant in long chain aliphatic structure, with the methylene carbon content as the parameter.Secondly, the important role of weak linkages is elucidated by the kinetic parameters derived from the relationship betweentheir dissociation energies and activation energies. These weak linkages include mainly the heteroatomic structures of aliphaticsulfur-carbon bonds, ether and ester linkages, as well as aryl alkyl linkages on the β sites. The modern analytical methods ofthese structural parameters are also evaluated. In addition, the importance of the molecular weight and the cross linkingdegree of the geological macromolecules to the generation of immature oil are approached. Based on these factors, with theview point of structural evolution of macromoIecules, the authors depicted a scheme of the chemical process for the generationof immature oil

关 键 词：未成熟石油 分子结构 油气生成 地质大分子 

分 类 号：P618.130.1[天文地球—矿床学]