改性石灰氮防治香蕉枯萎病及其恢复香蕉生产的效果  

Results of banana Fusarium wilt control and banana reproduction in degraded orchard by use of modified lime nitrogen

作　　者：杜志勇[1] 樊小林[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院肥料与平衡施肥研究室

出　　处：《果树学报》2008年第3期373-377,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30270769,39870433);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B08、2006BAD10B02)

摘　　要：针对我国香蕉主产区蕉园土壤退化引起的土地生产力疲劳、毁灭性土传病害(香蕉枯萎病)泛滥、养分不均衡等问题,通过田间试验研究了改性石灰氮综合措施防治香蕉枯萎病的效果。结果表明,对照区的枯萎病发病率为67.58%,应用综合措施可以使发病率降低到13.75%,切断病原菌传播途径的灌溉水消毒措施对防治枯萎病有十分明显的效果;综合措施的实施使收获面积由对照的32.42%增加到86.25%,单株产量由24.4kg增加到26.9kg,单株实收增产10%以上,并改善了香蕉果实外观、营养和食用品质,增加了蕉农的产值和经济效益。由此可以认为,以改性石灰氮综合调控为主要内容的蕉园土壤质量保育措施可以有效的用于香蕉枯萎病的防治。In order to solve the problem of decline in land productivity and spread of soil mediated disease like Fusarium wilt in banana orchard caused by degradation of land quality,integrated measures including soil disinfection by application of modified lime nitrogen, decontamination by irrigation water, continued soil disinfection and field experiment were carried out in an abandoned banana orchard. Results showed that the incidence of the disease and disease index of Fusarium oxysporum f sp. cubense at key growth stages was significantly lower in treatment of optimized measures than that in control. The measure of sterilization of irrigation water to cut the route of the Fusarium wilt distribution produced significantly positive result. The incidence of the disease was 67.58% in the control, and 13.75% in the optimized treatment. Harvest area increased from 32.42% in control to 86.25% of integrated treatment. Fruit yield per tree was 24.4 kg in the control and 26.9 kg in integrated ones. The yield increased more than 10%. It could be concluded that the integrated measure of the Fusarium wilt management might be the optimum method to control the banana Fusarium wilt.

关 键 词：香蕉 改性石灰氮 镰刀菌枯萎病 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]