钙肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Ca Applications on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality in Peanut

作　　者：周录英[1] 李向东[1] 王丽丽[1] 汤笑[1] 林英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第5期879-885,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA507A-07);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B04-9);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Y2003D02)

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下研究了钙肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量品质的影响,结果表明,施用钙肥降低了花生主茎高和侧枝长度,提高了叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,增加了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)积累量。施钙肥可明显增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,其增产原因主要是增加了单株结果数和出仁率、提高了果重。施钙不仅提高了花生籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量,而且可提高脂肪中油酸/亚油酸(O/L)的比值,增加蛋白质组分中含量不足的赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量,从而延长花生制品货架寿命,改善花生蛋白质品质。以每公顷施CaO300kg花生产量最高、籽仁品质最好。Calcium, associated with the yield formation and quality improvement in peanut, is one of the important nutrient elements in peanut growth and development. To investigate the proper calcium applying amount and the effects on physiological characteristics, yield and quality in peanut （Arachis hypogea）, four treatments of 0（CK）, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1 of CaO were set by top dressing at seedling stage using peanut cultivar Fenghua 1 in the Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University in 2004 and 2005 with randomized complete block design and three replications. The results showed the main stern height and branch length were shortened, chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate raised, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catlase （CAT）, and the soluble protein content increased but the content of a lipid peroxidation product, malondialdeyde （MDA） content decreased with the Ca application. The Ca treatment significantly increased total pod and kernel weight because of the increase of pod weight, kernel rate and pod number per plant. The Ca treatment increased not only the content of fat and protein in peanut kernel, but also the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid （O/L）, and the contents of lysine and methionine. It was suggested that 300 kg ha^-1 Ca application gave the highest yield and the good quality in the peanut seed.

关 键 词：花生 钙肥 生理特性 产量品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]