南麂列岛海域浮游植物生态特征及甲藻赤潮频发原因  

Ecological Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Causes for Frequent Occurrence of Dinoflagellate Red Tide in the Nanji Islands Sea Area

作　　者：纪焕红[1] 叶属峰[1] 刘星[1] 洪君超[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海200137

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2008年第2期234-242,共9页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：科技部社会公益项目--典型海洋生态系统服务功能价值评估研究及应用示范(2003DIB3J113)

摘　　要：根据2004年5月-2005年2月4个季节的调查资料以及2001-2005年赤潮发生时收集的资料,分析了南麂列岛海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种类、细胞丰度的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系、春季甲藻赤潮发生状况。结果表明,该海域浮游植物共鉴定出105种,硅藻和甲藻分别为73种和28种;优势种主要有中肋骨条藻Skel-etonemacostatum、布氏双尾藻Ditylumbright wellii和夜光藻Noctiluca scintillans等16种;细胞丰度以秋季均值最高,达2.81×108个/m3。与1990年的数据相比,种类组成及细胞丰度均发生较大的变化。种类组成的季节变化主要受到江浙沿岸流和台湾暖流的影响。多种甲藻赤潮生物以及甲藻孢囊的存在为赤潮的频繁发生提供了种源,适宜的水文气象条件、某些甲藻独特的生活习性以及高N/P比有可能是导致该海域甲藻赤潮爆发的主要原因,富营养化与该海域春季赤潮频繁发生的关系较小。Based on the data observed in four seasons during May 2004 to February 2005 and collected du-ring the red tide occurrence period from 2001 to 2005 in the Nanji Islands sea area, the seasonal variations in species composition, dominant species and cell abundance of phytoplankton in the sea area, their relations to the environmental factors and the occurrence conditions of dinoflagellate red tide in spring are ana- lyzed. It is shown from the analysis results that 105 species of phytoplankton in the sea area were identi- fied, including 73 species of diatom and 28 species of dinoflagellate, and 16 dominant species include Skele- tonema costatum, Ditylum brightwellii and Noctiluca scintillans ; the cell abundance in autumn is the highest, being 2.81×10^8 ind./m^3. The species composition and cell abundance data observed during May 2004 to February 2005 have changed considerably compared with those observed in 1990. The seasonal var-iations in species composition are mainly affected by the Jiangsu-Zhejiang coastal current and Taiwan Warm Current. Many species of red tide plankton and cysts of dinoflagellate provide the species sources for the frequent occurrence of red tide, and the suitable hydrometeorological conditions, specific living habits of some dinoflagllates and high N/P ratio may be the main causes for the occurrence of dinoflagellate red tide in the sea area, and the eutrophication has less relation to the frequent occurrence of red tide in the sea area in spring.

关 键 词：南麂列岛海域 浮游植物 生态特征 水质因子 甲藻赤潮 

分 类 号：Q948.885[生物学—植物学]