沈阳市街道灰尘中重金属的空间分布特征研究  

Spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in street dust in Shenyang city

作　　者：李崇[1] 李法云[1] 张营[1] 刘桐武[2] 侯伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]沈阳市环境卫生工程设计研究院,辽宁沈阳110013

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第2期560-564,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：沈阳市科局优秀学科带头人研究项目(No.1063305-1-00);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(No.2004CB418506);辽宁大学污染控制与环境修复重点实验室与辽宁省环境保护开放实验室基金资助

摘　　要：对沈阳市区街道灰尘中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量水平进行了研究,并分析了重金属的空间分布特征。结果表明:市区街道灰尘中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量范围分别为2.29～15.04mg·kg-1、46.96～204.29mg·kg-1、62.76～509.48mg·kg-1、277.41～422.89mg·kg-1,平均值为4.35mg·kg-1、81.33mg·kg-1、106.26mg·kg-1、334.47mg·kg-1,是沈阳市土壤背景值的27.18、3.31、4.80、5.67倍;市区西部重金属污染程度高于东部,东、西部污染程度高于南、北部;街道灰尘中Cd、Pb空间分布差异较大,Zn分布较均匀;除Cd以外,铁西区重金属含量均最高,特别是Pb含量明显高于其他区,这与其工业区性质密不可分;Cd在大东区含量最高,这应与东部的汽车产业特征有密切关系;Cd-Zn,Cu-Pb,Cu-Zn,Pb-Zn之间都有着极显著的相关性;地积累指数法的评价结果表明:Cd处于重污染水平,其余3种重金属处于偏中度污染水平。研究结果以期为沈阳市的城市环境污染防治和城市规划提供重要的科学依据。The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn in urban street dust of Shenyang are studied, and spatial distribution of heavy metals is also analyzed. The range ofCd, Cu, Pb, Zn contents in street dust is 2.29 - 15.04 mg·kg^-1, 46.96 - 204.29 mg·kg^-1, 62.76 - 509.48 mg·kg^-1 and 277.41 - 422.89 mg·kg^-1 respectively, with average value of 4.35 mg·kg^-1, 81.33 mg·kg^-1, 106.26 mg·kg^-1 and 334.47 mg·kg^-1, which are 27.18, 3.31, 4.80 and 5.67 times of the soil background value in Shenyang City. Heavy metal contents in western part of Shenyang are higher than those in eastern part, and these two parts＇ contents are also higher than those in southern and northern parts. The difference of spatial distribution of Cd and Pb are obvious, while Zn distributed equably. The value of heavy metal contents in Tiexi district, especially Pb, is higher than that in other districts except Cd. It＇s associated with Tiexi district＇s industrial area characteristics. The Cd content in Dadong district is highest in five districts, and this should be related to automobile industry characteristics of eastern part. There are prominent correlation between Cd and Zn, Cu and Pb, Cu and Zn, Pb and Zn. The assessment results show that all heavy metals pollution in urban street dust of Shenyang is generally at below middle pollution level except Cd which reaches heavy pollution level. The results are expected to provide important scientific basis for the urban environmental pollution control and city planning of Shenyang.

关 键 词：街道灰尘 重金属 空间分布特征 沈阳 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]