长期不同施肥方式下土壤酶活性与肥力因素的相关性  

The relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients by long-term fertilizer experiments

作　　者：王灿[1] 王德建[1] 孙瑞娟[1] 林静慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所//中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第2期688-692,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-423);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAJ10B06)

摘　　要：利用常熟农业生态国家野外试验站长期定位试验,对长期不同施肥方式下(无肥、化肥、化肥+秸秆,始于1989年,采用稻麦轮作方式)土壤酶活性和水稻土养分的相关性进行了研究,探讨长江三角洲地区施肥管理措施对土壤酶活性的影响以及土壤酶活性作为土壤肥力质量指标的可能性。结果表明,土壤酶活性对长期不同施肥管理方式有明显的响应,化肥处理比无肥处理中土壤脲酶、转化酶、酸性磷酸酶活性分别提高108.7%、170.2%和58.0%,化肥+秸秆处理比单施化肥处理中相应酶活性分别提高30.7%、85.5%和25.8%,三种施肥管理方式之间土壤酶活性差异性显著(P<0.05);土壤脲酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性之间呈极显著的正相关,脲酶与转化酶、碱性磷酸酶的相关系数为0.915和0.942,转化酶与碱性磷酸酶的相关系数为0.918(P<0.01),三者均与土壤速效磷均存在极显著的正相关,相关系数分别为0.884、0.846、0.824(P<0.01);三种酶活性与作物产量之间的相关系数分别为0.845、0.812、0.824(P<0.01),土壤酶活性和作物产量之间的相关性优于土壤养分和作物产量之间的相关性,这说明土壤酶活性和施肥方式呈密切的相关性,可将其作为评价土壤肥力的指标。Enzyme activities play key roles in soil organic matter formation and soil nutrient cycling. Knowledge of enzyme activities can be used to describe changes in soil quality due to land use management. Soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients were examined after 19 years of various fertilization treatments in a rice-wheat rotation system on paddy soil of Changshu agro-ecological experiment station. The experiment treatments included fertilizer only （NPK）, straw residues incorporation with fertilizer （NPK＋S） and control （nothing added）. The results showed that long-term fertilizer field could increase soil enzyme activities significantly （P〈0.05）. Both NPK fertilizer treatment （NPK） and NPK fertilizer plus straw treatment （NPK＋S） led to significant increase （P〈0.05） in soil enzyme activities compared with control （CK）： a 108.7%, 170.2% and 58.0% increment in urease, invertase and acid phosphatase activity respectively for NPK and a further 30.7%, 85.5% and 25.8% increment respectively for NPK＋S. All three ellzyme activities were positively correlated with soil available phosphorus （correlation coefficients were 0.884, 0.846 and 0.824 respectively）. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities showed better correlations with crop yield （correlation coefficients were 0.845, 0.812 and 0.824 respectively） than did other soil nutrient contents. The results suggest soil enzymatic activities as a more sensitive indicator of soil fertility and should be incorporated into the routine assessment of soil quality.

关 键 词：土壤酶活性 土壤养分 秸秆还田 长期试验 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]