城市空气悬浮颗粒物的理化性质及其健康效应  

Advances in physical and chemical character of urban airborne suspended particulate matter and its health effect

作　　者：郭二果[1] 王成[1] 彭镇华[1] 房城[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学院林业研究所//国家林业局森林培育重点实验室

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第2期851-857,共7页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家“十一五”攻关重大专项课题(2006BAD03A06)

摘　　要：城市空气悬浮颗粒物的理化性质是其他相关研究的理论基础,目前的研究主要集中在分析空气颗粒物的成分组成、来源解析上。空气悬浮颗粒物主要由金属元素、有机化学成分和无机盐类等组成,城市交通、工业等各种源的排放是其主要来源,按照粒径大小不同一般可将其分为总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)等。空气悬浮颗粒物达到一定浓度后,会对环境和人体产生一定的危害,而且颗粒物粒径大小不同,来源和成分组成就有别,其产生的危害程度也不一样。文章从粒径大小、来源、成份以及三者间的相互关系等几个方面详细阐述了城市空气悬浮颗粒物的理化性质,并从其对人体、其他动植物和环境等方面造成的影响综述了空气颗粒物的健康效应及影响因素,最后又提出了今后的研究方向和发展途径。Airborne suspended particulate matter （PM） is main contamination in urban area, and it is closely related to human health. The physical and chemical character of airborne suspended particulate matter is theory basis of other related researches, and components and sources of airborne suspended particulate matter are mainly researched at present. Airborne suspended particulate matter is mostly composed of metal element, organic component and inorganic salt, and urban traffic and industry exhausts are its main sources. In general, airborne suspended particulate matter can be divided total suspended particle （TSP）, inhalable particle （PMI0）, finer particle （PM2.5） et al. according to its diameter. Airborne suspended particulate matter will be harmful to environment and hu- man health when its concentration is enough, and the harm is different with different diameters, sources and component. In this paper, Physical and chemical character of urban airborne suspended particulate matter was explicated from diameter, sources and composition of particulate matter. In addition, health effects and affecting factors of particulate matter to human, animals and plants and environment were summarized. In the end, research direction and development approach were put forward.

关 键 词：城市 空气悬浮颗粒物 粒径分布 来源 成分 健康效应 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]