石油污染土壤植物修复根际效应研究  

The Rhizosphere Effect in Phytoremediation of the Petroleum Polluted Soil

作　　者：王靖[1] 张忠智[1] 苏幼明[1] 魏小芳[1] 何峰[1] 贺伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)化学科学与工程学院,北京102249

出　　处：《石油化工高等学校学报》2008年第2期36-40,共5页Journal of Petrochemical Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40672211)

摘　　要：研究了铺地黍、牛筋草和百丝3种草对石油污染土壤修复的根际降解效应。通过150d的盆栽实验,观察到3种植物的根际在不同程度上加快了土壤中石油污染物的降解。结果表明,植物根系可改善污染土壤的含水率,与未种植植物土壤相比,含水率提高约5%;土壤中脱氢酶的活性高出0.61～1.20倍;植物根际微生物的数量平均高出3个数量级;植物根际环境的诱导和石油污染物的胁迫改变了土壤微生物种类的分布和活动;植物根际土壤中的石油降解率比未种植植物高22.1%～30.3%。植物根际降解效应使石油组分发生明显的变化,强化了对低中碳正构烷烃的降解程度,有利于将高碳链烃降解为低碳链烃;同时促使Pr/nC17,Ph/nC18和Pr/Ph的峰面积比值分别提高了0.99,2.69和1.25,促进了正构烷烃的异构化。The experiment studied on the rhizosphere effect in phytoremediation of the petroleum polluted soil by three kinds of grasses which were Pannicum, Eleusine indica（L. ） Gaerth and Tall Fescue. After a period of 150 d , this pot experiment show that the three kinds of plants rhizosphere accelerated the degradation of petroleum in different degrees. The results show that the plant roots improved the soil moisture which increased 5% compared with unplanted control soil . The dehydrogenas activity is 0. 61- 1.20 times higher. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere increased three orders of magnitude. The abduction of plant rhizosphere environment and the coercion of petroleum changed the distribution and activity of microorganisms. The petroleum degradation rates in the rhizosphere are 22. 1%-30. 3% higher than in the unplanted control soil. The effect of rhizosphere degeneration changed the component of petroleum obviously. It strengthened the degeneration degree of normal hydrocarbons that had low and moderate carbon. The plant rhizosphere environment is favorable to degenerate the high-carbon hydrocarbons into the low-carbon hydrocarbons. At the same time the peak area ratios of Pr/nC17 ,Ph/nC18 and Pr/Ph have been enhanced 0.99,2.69 and 1.25 respectively. It accelerated the isomerization of normal hydrocarbons.

关 键 词：植物修复 根际 微生物数量 脱氢酶 石油烃降解 

分 类 号：X740[环境科学与工程—环境工程]