陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗常规免疫影响因素分析  

Analysis of Affecting Factors on Routine Immunization of Tenuated Measles Virus Vaccine in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：刘毅[1] 田鄂[1] 田永东[2] 刘西珍[1] 殷大鹏[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,西安710054 [2]榆林市疾病预防控制中心,陕西榆林719000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2008年第2期153-155,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的分析影响陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Vaccine,Live;MV)常规免疫的因素,实施干预措施,以期提高常规免疫工作质量。方法在陕西省按MV常规免疫好、中、差选择3个县的27个村,随机抽取319名2004年出生的儿童,进行白喉抗体监测和MV常规免疫接种率调查;对儿童家长进行预防接种知晓率调查,对村医进行技能以及常规免疫服务调查。结果3个县调查MV接种率分别为92.9%、86.5%、82.8%,2000～2004年麻疹平均报告发病率分别为5.9/10万、10.6/10万、20.9/10万,MV常规免疫接种率是影响麻疹发病的因素。村医能正确回答MV接种途径、接种剂量和免疫程序的分别占80.6%、86.1%、83.3%,知道MV可预防麻疹、愿意为孩子接种MV的家长分别占84.4%、93.3%,村医的技能和家长的配合显著影响着常规免疫工作。结论MV常规免疫直接影响麻疹的发病状况,村医的技能、家长的认知是影响因素。陕西省应该加强对村医的培训和对儿童家长的健康教育,提高他们的认知度。Objective In order to analyze the affecting factors on routine immunization of tenuated measles virus vaccine （MV）and take countermeasure for the purpose of improving the quality of routine immunization. Method According to the status of MV routine immunization,3 counties and 27 villages were selected, 319 children in these villages born in 2004 were chosen randomly. For these children antibody level of diphtheria was detected, at the same time the vaccination rate of MV was investigate ＆ Village doctors in charge of these districts were investigated on immunization service and the EPI skill ability,in the meantime householders were investigated on the awareness rate of MV. Result Investigated vaccination rate of MV in these counties including Chencheng,Pucheng and Tongguan were 92. 9%,86. 5%, and 82. 8~%respectively. From 2000-2004 the average reported incidence of measles disease per year were 5.9/100,000. 10. 6/ 100,000 and 20. 9/100,000 respectively by above sequence. In Chencheng County, investigated vaccination rate of MV was higher than that of the two remaining counties, however, the reported incidence was less than that of the two remaining counties. This appearance indicated that the vaccination rate of MV is one of affecting factors to measles incidence. Village doctors who learn the injection style and injection dose and schedule of measles vaccine account for 80. 60%,86. 1% and 83. 3% respectively. Additionally, it indicated that householders who know that measles vaccine can prevent measles and who can give children measles vaccination voluntarily account for 84. 4 % and 93. 3 % respectively, among them village doctor＇s EPI ability and householder＇s awareness rate for MV in Chencheng county is higher than that of the two remaining counties. It shows that the village doctor＇s EPI skill ability and the householder＇s corporation for routine vaccination have great effect on the routine immunization on MV. Conclusion The status of routine immunization of MV has an effect on the incidence of

关 键 词：麻疹减毒活疫苗 常规免疫 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]