少数民族地区留守儿童预防接种及监护人知识态度行为对照研究  

Control Study for Vaccination of Leaving Behind Children and Knowledge-Attitude-Practice of Caretakers in Minority Areas.

作　　者：郑志刚[1] 王华庆[2] 朱徐 周玉清[2] 黄林[1] 樊春祥[2] 黄春光[1] 杨仁聪[1] 何涛[1] 陈世毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁530028 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050 [3]联合国儿童基金会驻华代表处,北京100600

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2008年第2期168-170,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：卫生部与联合国儿童基金会合作项目(YH601)

摘　　要：目的了解少数民族地区留守儿童预防接种现状,及留守儿童监护人和非外出务工儿童监护人,对预防接种知识、态度和行为(Knowledge-Attitude-Practice,KAP)的差别。方法以联合国儿童基金会加强常规免疫服务项目基线调查方案设计的调查问卷作为调查工具,以339名2004年出生的留守儿童作为实验组,498名非外出务工儿童作为对照组,统一用上述调查问卷进行调查,对调查结果进行预防接种KAP比较,计算两组的比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)。结果两组在是否知道要接种疫苗、接种时要提供儿童身体健康情况、接种后的观察时间等指标的差异有统计学意义;对两组进行危险性比较分析显示,免疫规划4种疫苗(卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗)全程免疫覆盖率比较,OR值为1.68,95%可信区间为0.82～3.45;乙型肝炎疫苗(HepatitisBVaccine,HepB)首针(HepB1)及时接种率OR值为1.53;两组儿童监护人预防接种知识知晓率比较,指标OR值均>1。结论留守是适龄儿童接受免疫规划服务的一个危险因素,应针对留守儿童的监护人开展HepB124h内接种、预防接种KAP等方面的专题干预。Objective To understand the difference for vaccination KAP between leaving behind children and non-leaving behind children in minority areas. Methods Total 837 children born in 2004 were investigated through the questionnaire designed by UNICEF Strengthen Routine Immunization project baseline survey strategy. We analyzed vaccination KAP, the odds ratio between 339 children in experimental group and 498 in control group. Result Significant difference was found in the 2 groups of whom,if knowing would get vaccination,provide children＇s health information when they receive vaccination and the need of time for observation in experimental and control groups. They have statistical correlation in study items and OR value〉 1. Conclusion ＂Leaving behind＂ is a risk factor for children receiving vaccination service,special intervention in Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose timely deliver to child within 24 hours and KAP of vaccination should be induced by vaccination staffs.

关 键 词：留守儿童 预防接种 知识 态度 行为 对照研究 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]