绿洲农田不同施肥处理对土壤养分和作物产量的影响  

The Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrient and crop yield in oasis farmland

作　　者：刘燕[1] 唐立松[1] 李彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第3期151-156,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院西部之光项目;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所"绿洲学者"计划项目;所长基金项目

摘　　要：为充分了解绿洲农田农业生态系统养分循环规律,利用长期定位实验的方法,初步探讨了不同施肥处理下,绿洲农田的土壤养分及作物产量变化。结果表明:不同施肥处理对土壤养分含量有明显影响。其中,化肥与有机肥配合施用处理的土壤养分含量最高,无肥CK处理养分含量最低,尤其是化肥与有机肥配合施用处理的有机质、全N和碱解氮分别比对照区平均高1.5 g/kg0、.19 g/kg和10.5 mg/kg,其他各处理养分含量处于二者之间。结果还表明,作物产量与土壤养分含量相关,尤其是与土壤有机质、全N、碱解N的含量关系密切,制约产量的首要养分因素是N素,其次是P素。CK处理由于连年作物吸收及收获带走养分,使土壤的有效养分库消耗很快,致使作物产量逐渐降低。P、K处理作物产量变化趋势和CK处理基本一致,进一步表明了N素是影响绿洲农田作物产量的首要因素。对各处理的土壤养分和作物产量变化研究表明,化肥与有机肥配合施用处理作物产量最高,平均为4 010.8 kg/hm2,因此化肥与有机肥配合施用可能是提高绿洲农田土壤肥力,增加作物产量的最佳施肥方式。For studying the nutriment circular regulation of agro-ecosystem, investigation was made on the changes of soil nutrient and crop yield in oasis farmland under different fertilization treatments by the long-term experiment. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrient were affected significantly by different fertilization treatments. The content of soil nutrient in treatment of inorganic-organic compound was higher than that of other treatments, especially the average of soil total organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen, are 1.5 g/kg, 0. 19 g/kg and 10.5 mg/kg higher than that of CK treatment. The results also showed that the crop yields were related with the contents of soil nutrient, especially the soil total organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen. N is the most important nutrient factor to restrict crop yield and the second is P. The change of soil nutrient and crop yields showed that the inorganic-organic compound fertilizer has the hightest yield, and it is 4010.8 kg/hm^2. The inorganic-organic compound fertilizer may be the best fertilization way to improve the soil productivity and crop yield.

关 键 词：长期定位实验 施肥处理 土壤养分 作物产量 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]