对“市民社会”和“公民国家”的历史考察  

A Historical Review of "Civil Society" and "Citizen State"

作　　者：张康之[1] 张乾友[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,教授北京100872

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2008年第3期15-27,共13页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：近些年来,"公民社会"是一个在中国学术界频繁出现的概念。这是一个错误的表达式,它不仅是一个翻译错误,而且包含着对"市民社会"和"公民国家"的双重误读。市民社会与公民国家是在社会分化的过程中产生的,作为社会分化的结果,它们既是理解近代以来社会结构的基本坐标,也是开展社会治理的依据。"公民社会"的概念抹杀了近代社会分化的历史,使得对现代社会的构成部分及其运行机制的把握变得困难起来。我们应当在近代历史以及思想史的嬗变中梳理市民社会和公民国家产生的历史过程,确定它们各自的性质,并把握它们之间的联系与区别。'Gongmin shehui(公民社会)' is a frequently encountered concept in Chinese academic circles in recent years.It is inexact as an expression in Chinese,however,in that it is not only a mistaken translation,but contains misinterpretations of both 'civil society' and 'citizen state.' As the outcome of the process of social differentiation,civil society and the citizen state constitute a basic coordinate for understanding social structures in modern times,as well as a foundation on which social governance is carried out.The concept of 'gongmin shehui' disregards the modern history of social differentiation,rendering it difficult to grasp the ingredients of modern society and their operational mechanism.We should,within the framework of the evolution of modern history and the history of thought,sort out the historical process of the emergence of civil society and the citizen state,clarify their respective characters and understand their connections and distinctions.

关 键 词：市民 市民社会 公民 公民国家 

分 类 号：K02[历史地理—历史学]