城市地下商业建筑中人员疏散模型的研究  

The Research of Evacuation Model in Urban Underground Business Buildings

作　　者：曾胜[1] 马晓茜[1] 廖艳芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学电力学院,广州510641

出　　处：《建筑科学》2008年第5期27-32,共6页Building Science

基　　金：广州市建设科技发展基金(项目编号:(2006)06);广东省科技计划项目(项目编号:2004B32401003)

摘　　要：在元胞自动机基本模型基础上,引入了社会力模型中的思想,开发了一种扩展元胞自动机新模型。新模型中引入了"危险度"和"视野"的概念,综合考虑了火源对人的行为的影响、人与人之间的摩擦力、墙和障碍物对人的排斥力,并且根据实际测量结果,对门和楼梯等主要疏散通道处,按人员密度的不同来确定疏散速度。新模型可以直观地看到人员的整个疏散过程,得到每个时刻的人员分布状况,从而找出逃生过程中不利于人员疏散的"瓶颈"位置。与基本元胞自动机模型比较,单房间内的仿真结果表明本模型具有较强的实用性。用新模型对某地下商业街内人员的疏散过程进行了模拟,分析了疏散过程的瓶颈和阻塞原因,并提出了相应的改进措施。Base on the basic automaton model rule,an extended cellular automaton model is brought out which introduces the idea of social force model.With the concept of the ＂risk＂ and ＂hazard degree＂,this new model can consider the influence of fire on human behavior,the friction forces between the people,the repulsive forces of the wall and barrier on human comprehensively.And according to the actual measurement results,the moving speed is made as the function of staff density both at the door and at the entrance of the staircases.The whole evacuation process can be illustrated in detail by the new model,and the staff distribution at any time,as well as the moving track of any people,so as to identify the bottleneck sites during the evacuation routine.Compared with the common model,the simulated results in single room evacuation show that this new model occupies preferable practicability.A real evacuation procedure on some underground business street is analyzed by the new model,and the results reveal that the narrow stairs could induce the blocking of evacuation process.Based on the simulated results,some improvement measures and methods are also brought out.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 人员疏散 逃生模型 地下空间 

分 类 号：TU922[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU972.4