广州市机动车尾气中金属元素的排放特征  

The emission characteristics of metal elements in urban motor vehicles exhaust of Guangzhou City.

作　　者：王伯光[1] 杨嘉慧[1] 周炎[1] 冯志诚[1] 刘慧璇[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境工程系,广东广州510632

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2008年第5期389-394,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金资助项目(5300458);霍英东青年基金(104002)

摘　　要：研究了广州市交通干道附近和珠江隧道内大气细粒子(PM10、PM2.5)中金属元素的组成及含量,在此基础上采用质量平衡模型计算了重型车、大型车和小型车的金属元素排放因子.结果表明,大气颗粒物中主要检出K,Na,Ca,Mg,Al,Fe,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr,Mn,Ni,Sr,Ti和V等16种金属元素,黄埔大道-华南快速干道立交桥附近的PM2.5中金属元素总浓度冬季为(30.824±4.760)μg/m3,春季为(27.153±2.108)μg/m3;珠江隧道内大气中PM2.5的平均浓度占PM10的92.6%,隧道进出口PM2.5中金属元素浓度差为(72.248±4.431)μg/m3;在平均车速为47.8km/h条件下,各类车的PM2.5中金属元素平均排放因子为:重型车2.963g/(km·辆)、大型车0.491g/(km·辆)、小型车0.057g/(km·辆),分别占PM2.5质量排放因子的29.96%、17.69%和3.76%.The composition and content of metal element in air fine particles （PM10, PM2.5） near the main traffic roads and in Pearl River Tunnel of Guangzhou city were studied. On this basis, adopting the chemical mass balance model, the metal elements emission factors of heavy duty truck, middle duty truck and light duty car were calculated. K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr, Ti and Vetc 16 kinds of metal elements were checked up mainly in air particles. The total concentrations of metal elements in PM2.5 were（30.824±4.760）μg/m^3 in winter and（27.153 ±2.108）μg/m^3 in spring near the Huangpu road-Huanan rapid speed road cloverleaf junction; the average concentration of PM2.5 in Pearl River Tunnel air occupied 92.6% of PM10. The metal elements concentration difference in the entrance and the exit of the tunnel was （72.248 ± 4.431）μg/m^3. Under the condition of average driving speed 47.8km/h, the average emission factors of metal element in PM2.5 of each kind motor vehicles were 2.963g/（km·Liang ）（heavy duty truck）, 0.49 l g/（km·Liang ）（middle duty truck） and 0.057g/（km·Liang ）（light duty car）, occupied respectively 29.96%, 17.69% and 3.76% of PM2.5 mass emission factors.

关 键 词：广州 机动车尾气 金属元素 排放因子 隧道试验 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]