小麦新抗源一粒葡抗条锈病的组织学和超微结构研究  

Histology and ultrastructure of resistant mechanism of a new wheat material-Yilipu to Puccinia striiformis

作　　者：张宏昌[1] 韩青梅[2] 王晨芳[1] 黄丽丽[1] 张庆勤[1] 康振生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院 [2]陕西省农业分子生物学重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2008年第2期153-164,共12页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB100203);国家“十一五”支撑计划(2006BAD08A05);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0558);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30671350);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B07049)

摘　　要：采用荧光显微镜、微分干涉显微镜和电子显微镜技术,系统研究了小麦新抗源一粒葡抗小麦条锈病的组织学和超微结构特征。结果表明:相对于感病品种铭贤169,一粒葡对条锈菌的侵染,在组织学和超微结构上均表现出明显的抗性特征。在组织学水平,表现为菌丝生长受抑,菌落发育延迟或败育,吸器母细胞和吸器数目明显减少;同时,侵染点的寄主细胞表现出不同程度的过敏性坏死症状。电镜观察发现,在一粒葡和感病品种中,条锈菌均可由芽管顶端直接进入或通过形成附着胞进入小麦气孔。其后,在一粒葡上,病菌胞间菌丝、吸器母细胞、吸器在细胞和亚细胞水平均发生了一系列异常变化,表现为原生质染色逐渐加深,液泡增多变大,逐渐消解原生质;胞间菌丝、吸器母细胞细胞壁不规则增厚;胞间菌丝线粒体肿胀,数目增多,逐渐解体;吸器母细胞细胞质逐渐空泡化后丧失其生理功能;吸器外质膜皱褶;吸器外间质加宽并有丝状或颗粒状物质形成,吸器体壁逐渐消解出现孔洞,吸器体最终畸形坏死。同时,寄主细胞产生一系列显著的结构防卫反应:形成胞壁沉积物、乳突、吸器鞘等结构,以及发生坏死,阻碍并抑制病菌的发育及扩展。Histology and ultrastructure of resistant mechanism of a new wheat material-Yilipu to Puccinia-striiformis was examined by means of fluorescence microscopy, differential interference contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. The striking resistant characteristics in histology and ultrastructure were detected in the infected leaves of Yilipu as compared with susceptible wheat cultivar Mingxian 169. The main histological manifestation of the pathogen development in Yilipu wheat included inhibition of hyphal growth, delay of hyphal branching and colony formation, decrease of formation of haustorial mother cells and haustoria, at the same time, occurrence of host cell necrosis in different degrees. The observation by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the pathogen could enter stomatal openings by developed appressorium or germ tube both in Yilipu and susceptible wheat cultivar. Later, a series of abnormal changes occurred in intercellular hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria during pathogen development in Yilipu. The cytoplasm became more electron-dense and vacuoles increased in number and in size which digested the protoplasm. The cell wall of intercellular hypha and haustorial mother cells were thickened irregularly. The mitochondria became swollen and increased in number, then hypha disintegrated gradually. The cytoplasm were degraded into central va- cuole gradually and haustorial mother cells lost their physiological function. The extrahaustorial membrane was wrinkled, the extrahaustorial matrix was widened and great amount of fibril or granular deposits accumulated there. The cell walls of hostorial body degraded gradually and perforated, and at the end, the haustorial body were malformed and necrosised. At the same time, the structural defense reactions such as formation of cell wall apposition, papilla, encasement of haustorium and necrosis of host cell were essentially more pronounced in the infected wheat leaves of Yilipu than in the susceptible one.

关 键 词：小麦 小麦条锈菌 抗病性 组织学 细胞学 

分 类 号：S435.121.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]