基于小流域尺度的土壤可蚀性K值空间变异  

Spatial variability of soil erodibility(K-Factor) at a catchment scale in China

作　　者：张金池[1] 李海东[1] 林杰[1] 李奕建[1] 姜姜[2] 陶宝先[1] 张东海[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]迈阿密大学生物系,美国迈阿密33146

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第5期2199-2206,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技攻关课题资助项目(2006BAD03A16)~~

摘　　要：采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,以邓下小流域为研究区,利用EPIC模型中土壤可蚀性K值算法,研究了小流域尺度下土壤可蚀性K值空间变异特征及不同植被类型对其影响。结果表明:(1)研究区K值的变化范围为0.1498～0.4981,均值为0.3316,变异系数为22.11%,小流域土壤可蚀性存在中等程度的空间变异性。(2)研究区土壤可蚀性K值总体分布趋势是从西北向东南增大,条带状分布明显,K值较高处以"岛状"嵌于小流域中南部。北部森林覆盖区土壤抗侵蚀能力较强,中南部耕作种植及居住生活区土壤抵抗侵蚀能力较弱。(3)研究区8种不同植被类型除旱耕地外,K值垂直变异特征均是K0～20cm<K20～40cm<K40～60cm,土壤可蚀性随土壤垂直剖面深度增大而增大,土壤表层(0～20cm)抗侵蚀性能力最强。8种不同植被类型土壤表层K值(K0～20cm)的大小顺序为:休闲地>茶园>旱耕地>草地>阔叶林>灌木林>针叶林>毛竹林。We conducted a study to examine the spatial variability and vertical characteristics of soil erodibility （K-factor） and its relation to vegetation types based on a case of study on Dengxia catchment, China. Using traditional statistical and geostatistical methods, soil erodibility （K-factor） was calculated by EPIC model. The results showed： （1） The spatial variability of K value at the studied area was significant difference, with the range from 0. 1498 to 0. 4981, mean of 0. 3316, and variance coefficient of 22. 11%; （2） The whole distribution tendency of K value presented belt-shaped obviously and was higher in the northwest than in the southeast, with several high K value centers embedding in the middle and south part of the area. It showed that soil anti-erodibility of forest covering region mainly in the north part is stronger than that of farmland and human resident living region in the middle and south part of the area; （3） The vertical variability characteristics of K value by different vegetation types all followed the order of K0-20cm 〈 K20-40cm 〈 K40-60cm at the area while farmland followed the order of K0-20cm 〈 Kn40-60cm 〈 K20-40cm. It showed that soil anti-erodibility in the topsoil （0 -20cm） was the strongest except for farmland. For soil erodibility （K-factor） of different vegetation types in the topsoil（0-20cm） , the order was as follows ： fallow land 〉 tea garden land 〉 farmland 〉 grassland 〉 broad-leaved forest land 〉 microphylla shrub land 〉 coniferous forest land 〉 bamboo forest land.

关 键 词：土壤可蚀性K值 小流域 空间变异 植被影响 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]