中国古代月食记录中的月亮位置分析  

The Moon’s Position in the Records of Lunar Eclipse in Ancient China

作　　者：马莉萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心

出　　处：《时间频率学报》2007年第2期144-159,共16页Journal of Time and Frequency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10773013)

摘　　要：统计和分析了我国古代月食记录中的月亮位置。这些宿度记录主要集中在北魏、宋朝和清朝,这三个朝代正史中记录的月食宿度错误率分别是15%、5%和4%。清代之前的大部分月食宿度记录应该是实测的结果,清代正史月食宿度记载则来自预报记录。地方性月食宿度记录绝大部分出自明清的地方志,其中对宋朝和明朝的月食宿度记录比较多,错误率分别为21%和6%,清朝地方志交食记录中对当朝发生日月食时的日月位置的记录很少,而对清之前出现此类天象时的日月位置有较多的记载。1740年前后至清末月食的宿度记录精度比之前有所提高,其主要原因是《历象考成后编》和《仪象考成》的编纂。The records of the Moon＇s position for lunar eclipse in ancient China are analyzed. Such records concentrated in those of the Bei Wei, Song and Qing dynasties, and the relevant error rates in the official historical documents of the three dynasties are 15%, 5% and 4% respectively. The Moon＇s position in the lunar eclipse records of the Qing Dynasty came apparently from forecast, while such information in the records of the previous dynasties should come from practical observations. The local chronicles edited in the Ming and Qing contain most local lunar eclipse records with the Moon＇s position. These eclipse records mainly are of the Song and Ming Dynasties. An overall computation made with modern astronomy reveals that the error rate is 21% for the Song and 6% for the Ming. The positions of the Sun and the Moon for the eclipses of the Qing dynasty are seldom recorded in the local chronicles edited in the Qing dynasty, however, those of the previous dynasties are recorded more. The accuracy of the records of the Moon＇s positions for lunar eclipse got improved after 1740s, which benefited from the compilations ofLixiang Kaocheng Houbian and Yixiang Kaocheng.

关 键 词：天文学史 月食记录 月亮位置 

分 类 号：P125.12[天文地球—天体测量]