采用电接触模型的铝电解槽阴极电压降分析  

Analysis of cathode voltage drop in aluminum electrolysis cells with an electric contact model

作　　者：刘伟[1] 李劼[1] 赖延清[1] 王志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金科学与工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《材料与冶金学报》2008年第2期99-102,134,共5页Journal of Materials and Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50374081)

摘　　要：320 kA和350 kA预焙阳极电解槽的阴极电压降（cathode voltage drop,简称CVD）约占槽电压的7%~9%.这一比例虽小,但对电解槽的整体能耗有着重要意义。使用有限元法建立了非线性电接触模型并用于分析CVD.该模型能够考虑阴极碳块类型、结构及伸腿生长或槽底沉淀对CVD的影响.计算结果表明：模型预测的电场分布与工业电解槽上的测量数据和文献数据吻合较好;阴极碳块由半石墨质碳块转变为石墨化碳块,阴极电压降约减少70 mV;就电压降而言,采用两个直通阴极钢棒的阴极结构设计略优于采用两个内嵌阴极钢棒的结构设计;伸腿增长或者炉底有沉淀产生,CVD会增大.The total cathode voltage drop （CVD） takes a percentage of about 7 - 9 of the overall cell voltage for a modem Hall - Heroult cell running at 320 kA or 350 kA amperage. It represents a small but significant fraction of the cell＇ s overall power consumption. A nonlinear electric contact model based on a finite element method （FEM） was developed to analyze the CVD in Hall - Heroult ceils, including the influences of graphite content, cathodic structure and ledge growth/muck formation on CVD. The results show that the predicted values by the model agree well with the measured values and results by other authors. CVD can be reduced about 70 mV if semi - graphitic blocks are replaced by gully graphitized blocks for lining material. As for potential drop, the cathode block structure with two full - length collector bars shows a little preference for practical use to that with two split bars. When ledge grows or there is muck covered on the cathode. CVD will increase.

关 键 词：铝电解 阴极电压降 电接触 有限元分析 耦合仿真 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]