昆明市厂矿企业职业卫生现状及对策研究  

Current Situation of Occupational Health in the Industrial Enterprises of Kunming City and Relevant Countermeasures

作　　者：周梅[1] 邵伟民 木云珍[1] 张恒[1] 姚树祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明医学院公共卫生学院,云南省昆明市650031 [2]昆明市卫生执法监督局

出　　处：《职业与健康》2008年第12期1141-1143,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金(07Y10543)

摘　　要：目的对昆明市《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(以下简称《职业病防治法》)实施后工业企业职业卫生现况进行调查,深入了解昆明市厂矿企业职业卫生状况,提出切实可行的职业病防治措施,保护劳动者的身体健康。方法完全随机选择18家工业企业采用流行病现场调查,调查内容包括企业的基本情况、存在的职业危害因素、职业病危害防护措施、接触职业病危害因素人员的健康监护情况、职业安全卫生培训情况、职业卫生组织与管理制度、职业病发病情况。结果①昆明市的职业危害严重,尤其以粉尘为主。18家企业有11家(61.11%)企业未对存在职业危害的岗位进行职业卫生现场监测。②16家(88.89%)企业对职业病危害作业场所未设置较完善的防护设施,且18家企业没有一家设置了完善的应急救援设备。③13家(72.22%)企业进行了职业安全培训,但通过对540名职工进行职业卫生知识调查发现,对《职业病防治法》的知晓率仅为11.3%。结论昆明市厂矿企业职业卫生现状不容乐观,职业卫生管理机构不完善,须进一步加强《职业病防治法》的宣传和贯彻。[Objective] To investigate the current occupational health situation in the industrial enterprises of Kunming city, after the implementation of the Chinese Law of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control （ LODPC ） and figure out feasible preventive countermeasures to protect the laborers＇ physical health. [ Methods] Epidemiological investigation was conducted on the 18 stochastically collected enterprises on their basic situation, occupational hazardous factors, occupational hazard preventive measures, health monitoring of hazard-exposed staff, occupational safety training, occupational sanitary organization and management system and the Occapational disease morbidity. [Results] The occupational hazards, especially dust, were severe; 11 enterprises （61.11%） had no occupational on-site surveillance on the occupational hazardous posts; 16 enterprises （88.89%） had no complete preventive facilities in the hazardous working places and none of them set up complete emergency first aid facilities; 13 enterprises （72.22%） carried out occupational safety trainings, but among the 540 surveyed staff members, the witting rate of the LODPC was only 11.3%. [ Conclusion] The occupational health situation in Kunming is not satisfactory with incomplete management organization; it is necessary to further implement the LODPC.

关 键 词：职业危害 职业病防治法 厂矿企业 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]