追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Quality,Yield and Other Physiological Traits in Strong Gluten Wheat

作　　者：李姗姗[1] 赵广才[1] 常旭虹[1] 刘利华[1] 杨玉双[1] 丰明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2008年第3期461-465,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"十一五"支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD02A13-2-4);农业部专项"小麦品质稳定性研究"(070101)

摘　　要：为研究追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及相关生理指标的影响，以强筋小麦济麦20为材料在大田进行不同追氮时期的试验。结果表明，在总施纯氮量270kg／ha、基追比为5：5的条件下，不同时期追施氮肥对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、籽粒产量以及旗叶的生理指标有一定的调节作用。后期追施氮肥有利于抑制旗叶叶绿素的降解，提高旗叶硝酸还原酶的活性，延长旗叶的功能期，且以开花期追氮最为显著。旗叶展开21～28d时，叶片的叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性分别与粒重和籽粒蛋白含量具有显著的相关性。籽粒总蛋白质含量随着追氮时期的后移而增加，并于开花期达到最大值。籽粒蛋白组分的含量有随追氮时期的后移而增加的趋势，最大值集中出现在春5叶～开花这一时期。开花期追施氮肥有利于籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质产量的协同提高。为实现高产和优质的统一，强筋小麦在开花期追施氮肥较为合适。Strong gluten wheat cultivars Jimai 20 was used to study the physiological indexes, yield and some quality characteristics at different nitrogen topdressing stages. The results indicated that ni-trogen topdressing stage could regulate protein content, grain yield and some physiological indexes of flag leave under the condition of the total amount of nitrogen application of 270 kg/ha and the ratio of base and topdressing of 5 ： 5. Nitrogen application at late stage of wheat development , especially at the flowering stage, could suppress chlorophyll＇s degrading, keep the activity of nitrate reductase （NRA） at high level, prolong the functional stage of leaf. There was a linear relationship between NRA and grain protein content during 14-21 days after flag leaf spreading. The correlation between chlorophyll content and grain yield was significant at the same time. Crude protein content increased with delaying of topdressing nitrogen and reached maximum at the flowering stage. Moreover, the contents of protein component increased with delaying of nitrogen top dressing stage, and the maximum value appeared at the three late stages. In this experiment, grain yield and protein yield were high in the treatment of nitrogen application at the flowering stage. Overall, for strong gluten wheat, the best stage of nitrogen topdressing that could coordinate the quality with yield was the flowering stage.

关 键 词：强筋小麦 追肥时期 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S143.1