铅酸蓄电池早期容量衰减的研究  

Study on premature capacity loss of lead acid battery

作　　者：柴树松[1] 

机构地区：[1]保定金风帆蓄电池有限公司

出　　处：《电源技术》1997年第4期163-166,共4页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

摘　　要：正板栅用低锑合金，负板栅用铅钙合金的汽车用铅酸蓄电池，有时会出现早期容量衰减现象。通过对比试验的方法研究了：１）正板栅合金中添加０．２９％锡；２）相同充电电流下，充电时间为１４ｈ、１７ｈ、２０ｈ、２５ｈ的化成；３）相同充电量下，电解液温度为２７℃、３５℃、４２℃的化成；４）减少负极板添加剂中５０％乙炔碳黑对早期容量衰减的影响。结果表明：在正板栅低锑合金中加入锡对早期容量衰减影响不大；化成充电时间对早期容量衰减的影响较大，化成１４ｈ的极板容量较低，化成１７ｈ、２０ｈ的极板较好，容量基本不衰减，化成２５ｈ的明显出现早期容量衰减；化成温度本身对容量衰减影响不大，但应控制温度高造成过充电的现象；负极添加剂中乙炔碳黑含量对早期容量衰减影响不大。因此，过充电是导致早期容量衰减的主要原因，合适的充电量既能保证蓄电池的性能。Automotive lead acid batteries using low Sb positive grids and Pb Ca negative grids sometimes suffer from the phenomena of premature capacity loss(PCL).The influence of the following aspects on PCL are studied through comparative tests:1) addition of 0.29% Sn in positive grid alloy;2) formation time of 14h,17h,20h and 25h at the same charging current;3) formation temperature of 27℃,35℃ and 42℃ with same amount of charge;4) decrease of content of carbon black in negative additives by 50%.Results show that,addition of tin in positive grid alloy does’t have much effect on PCL;Formation charging time have significant influence on PCL;plates formed for 14h have lower capacity; plates formed for 17h and 20h have good performance; plates formed for 25h obviously suffer from PCL; formation temperature itself has little influence on PCL, but shall be controlled to avoid overcharging caused by high temperature. The content of carbon black in negative additives has little influence on PCL. Therefore,it is considered that the main cause of PCL is overcharging.Appropriate amount of charging can suppress PCL effectively and maintain the performance of btteries.

关 键 词：早期容量衰减 铅酸蓄电池 低锑合金 蓄电池 

分 类 号：TM912.1[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]