喀斯特洞穴动物适应黑暗环境生活的适应性特征研究  

Adaptability Characters of Karst Cave Animals in Dark Environment

作　　者：黎道洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《四川动物》2008年第3期340-343,共4页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(N:30560024);贵州省省长基金(黔科教办[2005]14号);贵州省教育厅自然科学基金(黔科教2006205)

摘　　要：本文以1龄洞穴鲤鱼和1龄地表鲤鱼为例对比研究洞穴动物的适应性特征,主要根据可量性状(外形、骨骼和内脏)及可数性状(鳍和鳞片)进行对比分析。结果表明:从总体看洞穴鲤鱼的体形比地表鲤鱼小,生长速度缓慢,季节生长不明显,主要影响因子是洞穴内食物贫乏和水温较低(15℃左右);在可数性状中,洞穴鲤鱼的臀鳍条、围尾柄鳞和鳃耙有增多趋势,即增加了感觉细胞的附着基底;为适应洞穴水流域的狭窄通道,洞穴鲤鱼的体长相对地表鲤鱼而言有延长现象。此外,还对洞穴动物的概念及其它适应性特征作了简要的概述。The adaptability characters of karst cave animals were studied. One Cyprinus carpio （one-year-old） in the cave and one Cyprinus carpio （one-year-old） on the surface were compared, according to the comparing analysis of measurable characters （contour, skeleton and internal organs） and numerable characters （fin and scale）. Generally, the figure of the one in the cave is smaller, the growing speed is very slow and the season growing is not obvious, mainly because of the lack of food and the low temperature （15℃ or so） in the karst cave water. In the numerable characters, the anal fin, scale of encircle tail and gill raker of the one in the cave are in the tendency of increasing so as to adapt to the narrow water passage in the karst cave, while the length of the cave Cyprinus carpio is lengthening comparing with the one on the surface. In addition, the brief introduction of the concept of karst cave animals and other adaptability characters are given.

关 键 词：喀斯特洞穴动物 黑暗环境 适应性特征 鲤鱼 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]