实证、诠释与话语：以现代化研究为例  

Positivism,Hermeneutism and Discourse:Studying Modernization as an Example

作　　者：谢立中[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系教授博士生导师

出　　处：《社会》2008年第3期106-140,共35页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：“十五”国家社会科学基金项目“社会研究中的话语文本分析:后现代思潮的社会学意涵”(04BSH007)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：实证主义的"现代化"分析模式将"现代化"过程视为一种纯粹给定的、独立于社会成员个人主观意识之外的"客观性现实",诠释学(或现象学)的"现代化"分析模式则将"现代化"过程视为一种由社会成员个人的主观意识建构出来的"主观性现实";与它们都不同,多元话语分析学者则将"现代化"视为一种由社会成员在特定话语系统的约束和引导之下、借助于一些特定的话语策略而建构出来的"话语性现实"。与此相应,实证主义"现代化"分析模式的支持者们在对"现代化"过程进行研究时总是致力于探究支配着"现代化"过程形成和变化的"客观规律",诠释学(或现象学)分析模式的支持者们则总是致力于考察导致"现代化"过程的那些个体行动及其行动者在从事这些行动时赋予其行动之上的那些主观意识,而多元话语分析学者们则主张致力于探讨人们将我们现在称为"现代化"的那种社会变迁过程建构为"现代化"过程的那些话语策略及其背后的话语系统(话语构成规则)。The analytic approach in positivism to modernization reduces this concept to a given 'objective reality' that is independent of the subjective consciousness of the individual members in society. The approach in Hermeneutism (or phenomenology) views modernization as a 'subjective reality' construed by the individuals in society out of their subjective consciousness. Different from both, pluralistic discourse analysts regard modernization as a 'discourse reality,' an outcome via specific strategies by the members in society under the constraints and guidance of a specific discourse system. Correspondingly, positivistic sociologists always focus on searching for the 'objective laws' that govern the course of modernization; hermeneutic sociologists always try to investigate individuals’ behaviors and their subjective consciousness that enables such behaviors; pluralistic discourse analysts advocate examining the discourse strategies and the discourse system (discourse regulations) behind such discourse strategies during the process of modernization and societal changes.

关 键 词：现代化研究 “现代化”的实证主义分析模式 “现代化”的诠释(现 象)学分析模式 “现代化”的多元话语分析模式 

分 类 号：B085[哲学宗教—哲学理论]