几种优良草种在高速公路护坡工程中的应用  

Application of Several Excellent Forages and Grasses in Protection Slope in the Highway

作　　者：韩德梁[1] 王发其[2] 何胜江[1] 陈超[1] 宋高翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]北京市园林局小汤山苗圃,北京102211

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第13期5432-5435,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]在确保公路路基边坡稳定的基础上,合理选择草种和进行播种组合,快速构建地表覆盖层,充分发挥植被自身的生态恢复能力。[方法]研究了岩石边坡生境中,百喜草、白三叶、高羊茅、紫花苜蓿、1年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、红三叶、狗牙根和杂三叶九种牧草的生物学表现和土壤抗蚀性效应。[结果]在单播试验中,1年生黑麦草具有自繁能力,高羊茅、黑麦草0～40cm的根重显著大于三叶草和狗牙根,其差异主要体现在0～20cm土层内。黑麦草、高羊茅对表层土壤贡献的腐殖质较多,土壤崩解的时间较长,固土、抗蚀效果较好。在混播试验中,组合③（白三叶7g/m^2＋红三叶2g/m^2＋高羊茅10g/m^2＋狗牙根2g/m^2＋1年生黑麦草5g/m^2）最优,出苗迅速,覆盖度、地下根系量大,土壤崩解所需时间最长,混播牧草间的兼容性好,固土、抗蚀效果比单播更强。组合①次之,组合④一般,组合②最差。[结论]黑麦草因建植速度快,分蘖能力强,迅速覆盖地面等特性,宜作为混播组分中的先锋植物与三叶草搭配,高羊茅作伴生种。[Objective] Select grass and sown reasonably,construct ground shroud rapidly,expand capacity of plants ecological restoration adequately, based on stabilization of the highway roadbed.[Method] The biological activity and effect on soil anti-erodibility capability of nine kinds of grasses,Paspalum notatum,Trifolium repens,Festuca arundinacea,Medicago sativa,Lolium multiflorum,Lolium perenne,Trifolium pratense,Cynodon dactylon,Trifolium hybridum were studied in limestone mountainous area.[Result] The annial ryegrass had self-propagation capacity in single-sown experiment,root weight of ryegrass and tall fescue under 40 cm soil was makedly more than that of the clover and Bermudagrass,the difference of root weight was mainly in 20 cm surface soil.It was provided more humus to the topsoil by ryegrass and tall fescue.There was a longer time in course of soil collapsing and a better stabilizing and controlling soil and water loss.In the mixed-sown experiment,combination ③（7 g/m^2 white clover ＋2 g/m^2 red clover＋ 10 g/m^2 tall fescue ＋2 g/m^2 Bermudagrass ＋5 g/m^2 annual ryegrass） was the best,rapid seedling,more coverage and biomass, longest time of the soil collapsing,good compatibility.Effect of stabilization and control of soil and water loss was superior to mixed-sown experiment.Combination ① was better,while combination ④ was common,combination ② was the worst.[Conclusion] In mixed-sown composition,ryegrass was often used as a pioneer with clover in a group,but tall fescue was often used as concomitance species.

关 键 词：草种 高速公路 护坡 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]