钉螺对夹竹桃化感物质三萜总皂甙毒理作用的反应  

Reaction of Oncomelania hupensis to molluscicidal activity of the triterpene sapogenins from Nerium indicum

作　　者：王万贤[1] 张勇[1] 杨毅[1] 唐万鹏[2] 孙启祥[3] 张旭东[3] 胡兴宜[2] 尹蔚琳[1] 江惠东[1] 陈文[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院,武汉430062 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430079 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第3期489-499,共11页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30471506;No.30570322;No.39670654;No.30671818);"十一五"林业科技支撑项目(No.2006BAD03A15)~~

摘　　要：本文分别用0.02mg/L-0.1mg/L系列浓度的夹竹桃三萜总皂甙水溶液处理钉螺,设无氯清水饲养与浓度为1mg/L氯硝柳胺溶液浸杀对照,研究夹竹桃三萜总皂甙是否为夹竹桃灭螺的化感物质及其作用机理。结果表明:用不同浓度梯度的夹竹桃三萜总皂甙水溶液处理钉螺均有一定的杀灭作用,对试验数据进行概率单位回归分析,表明浸杀处理2、3、4和5d的LC50分别为78.31、30.26、20.50、14.19mg/L,其对应的95%置信区间分别为63.60-108.19、9.49-44.42、2.86-30.90、0.23-22.79mg/L;以不同处理浓度、时间下钉螺的死亡率为因变量,对夹竹桃三萜总皂甙水溶液浸杀灭螺效果进行方差分析,结果显示夹竹桃三萜总皂甙的浓度、处理时间的长短对钉螺的死亡率均有极显著的作用效果,并且药液浓度与处理时间之间的交互效应也极显著。扫描电镜观察结果显示40mg/L浓度处理后钉螺软体表层呈现明显的损伤;透射电镜观察40mg/L浓度处理后钉螺样品发现24h后肝细胞核肿胀,核仁消失,核质稀疏,内质网断裂,线粒体增多;当处理时间延长到48h时,损伤加重,内质网几乎全部囊泡化,细胞核开始破裂,线粒体也破裂;处理24h后钉螺小肠表面的微绒毛排列有些不整齐,有一小部分微绒毛出现脱落,肠周缘细胞出现肿胀,细胞核出现少量小空泡;处理48h时的钉螺小肠表面微绒毛排列明显不整齐,大部分微绒毛脱落,肠周缘细胞肿胀明显,有大量空泡,有时还出现游离核,胞质内的细胞器有大小不等的空泡样变性,细胞器结构已无法辨别,严重变性,胞膜不完整。采用聚丙稀酰胺电泳技术分离经40mg/L夹竹桃三萜总皂甙水溶液处理1、2、3、4、5d后的钉螺样品的酯酶同工酶,处理1-2d后酶的活性比清水对照增强,应激反应明显,而处理达3d时酶的活性开始下降,5d时,酶谱带数及其色泽与用1mg/L氯硝柳胺水溶液处理1d的对照相当。本研究获得化�This paper has analyzed the reaction of O. hupensis to molluscicidal activity of the triterpene sapogenins from Nerium indicum. Five concentrations of the triterpene sāpogenins from N. indicum （20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/L） were used to treat O. hupensis, and 1 mg/L niclosamidum and dechlorided water were set as control. The result of probit analysis showed that the LD50 of triterpenoid saponins from N. indicum were： 78.31 mg/L after 2 days immersion, 30.26 mg/L after 3 days immersion, 20.50 mg/L after 4 days immersion, 14.19 mg/L after 5 days immersion. And the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were 63.60 - 108.19, 9.49 -44.42, 2.86 - 30.90, 0.23 - 22.79 mg/L, respectively. Based on the mortality of O. hupensis treated with triterpene sapogenins, showed that the concentration and the time of treatment as well as their interaction had significant effect on the mortality of O. hupensis. The result of scanning electron microscope proved that 40 mg/L of the concentrations lixivium of the triterpene sapogenins from N. indicum caused apparent damage to the soft tissues of O. hupensis. Uunder transmission electron microscope, the changes to the liver and intestines structure of O. hupensis were observed and documented. After 24 h treatment, the nuclear was swollen up, nucleolus decomposed, and nucleoplasm reduced. Rough endoplasmic reticulum （rER） was destroyed and vesiculated, and mitochomdfias in it were more than that in normal liver cell. After 48 h treatment, the damage was more severe than ever, rER were almost destroyed and became many small saccules, some of nucleus and mitochondrias ruptured. In the first 24 hours, the micrevilli arrange of intestines was out of order, and some was fallen, and the area around intestines was swelling. After 48 hours, the micrevilli arrangement became significantly out of order, and a lot were fallen. The area around intestines was swelling deeply, lots of vacuoles could be seen, and some nucleolus was dissociated. Cell organ in cytoplast had vacuole of different siz

关 键 词：钉螺 夹竹桃 三萜总皂甙 化感物质 毒理反应 控制血吸虫病 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]