环境因子对苹果粗皮病发生的影响  

Effects of environmental factors on internal bark necrosis of apple trees

作　　者：徐圣友[1,2] 张福锁[1] 王贺[1] 姜学龄 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]黄山学院生命与环境学院,安徽黄山245041 [3]烟台市农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《果树学报》2008年第1期73-77,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点基础发展研究资助项目(G1999011707);河海大学国家重点实验室开放基金(2006412611);安徽省教育厅自然基金(2006kj020B)

摘　　要：苹果粗皮病是苹果树严重的生理病害。为探讨苹果粗皮病致病机理,通过田间采样、土壤理化特性与气候因子分析,研究土壤等环境因子与苹果粗皮病发生的关系。结果表明,苹果粗皮病在棕壤土和滨海潮土上均可发生。土壤pH高低与苹果粗皮病的发生相关,土壤pH越低,土壤有效锰含量越高,苹果粗皮病发病程度越重,但土壤pH不是苹果粗皮病主要致病因子。不同感病地点的土壤有效锰含量相差悬殊,在0～80cm范围内,牟平最高锰含量为29.30mg/kg,而栖霞最低为57.39mg/kg,最高达114.43mg/kg,说明土壤有效锰含量不是苹果粗皮病发生的唯一因子,但发病率栖霞要高于牟平。土壤有效锰铁呈负相关性,锰铁比增大,可引起树体对锰的过量吸收,苹果粗皮病发生程度加重。因此,苹果粗皮病发生是土壤锰含量、锰铁比、土壤pH、降雨量等环境因子综合作用的结果。Internal bark necrosis （IBN） remained a serious physiological problem of apple trees, Soil manganese （Mn） concentration, soil pH and weather factors were analyzed to investigate the relationship between environmental factor and internal bark necrosis of apple trees. The results showed that apple IBN mainly occurred in coastal aquod soil and brunisolic soil. The soil pH correlated with the occurrence of IBN. The lower the soil pH, the higher the concentration of soil Mn and the heavier occurrence of IBN. However, the soil pH was not an important factor. The Mn concentration of different soils was ob- viously different, about 0 to 80 cm in soil depth, as compared to other Mn concentration of soil in Mouping, the highest Mn concentration of soil was 29.30 mg/kg; however, Mn concentration of soil in Qixia varied from 57.39 to 114.43 mg/kg, indicating that the Mn concentration of soil was not the only factor induced occurrence of apple trees＇ IBN. However, incidence of a disease in Qixia was higher than that in Mouping. There was a negative correlation between the available Mn and Fe concentration, The Mn concentration was much absorbed in apple trees with increasing Mn/Fe, then IBN increased. The results demonstrated that apple trees＇ IBN resulted from synthesized environmental factors, including soil Mn concentration, soil Mn/Fe, soil pH, rainfall, and so on.

关 键 词：苹果树 粗皮病 有效锰 有效铁 土壤PH 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]