某幼儿园大班儿童智力及其影响因素的调查分析  

Study on the intelligent ability of the preschool children and its influencing factors in one kindergarten

作　　者：艾月仙[1] 章莉萍[1] 韩留娣[1] 彭弘雷[2] 孙桂菊[2] 陈图农[3] 刘江红 

机构地区：[1]金坛市人民医院儿科,江苏金坛213200 [2]东南大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京210009 [3]南京市脑科医院,江苏南京210029 [4]School of Nursing and School of Medicine,University of Pennsylvania

出　　处：《现代医学》2008年第1期11-14,共4页Modern Medical Journal

基　　金：江苏省常州市卫生局科技计划项目(WJ200548)

摘　　要：目的调查某幼儿园大班儿童的智力水平及其影响因素,以掌握孩子认知能力发育的规律。方法金坛市某幼儿园145名大班儿童(男82名,女63名)参加此次调查,采用上海修订的韦克斯勒学龄前及初小儿童智力量表(WPPSI)一对一检测儿童智力,以父母填写问卷的形式调查影响智力的社会心理因素。结果该幼儿园儿童平均智商为105.42±10.580,呈正态分布。言语智商、操作智商和总智商无性别差异(P>0.05)。男、女童的操作智商均大于言语智商(P<0.05)。有31.72%的儿童发生智商分离,其中操作智商大于言语智商者占69.57%,智商分离与智商平衡者之间总智商的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。智商高低与性别、成长地无关,与父母的学历有关(P<0.01)。结论此队列的学龄前儿童操作智商大于言语智商,有两种可能的假设:(1)儿童更多地接触相关材料选择性地提高了儿童的操作能力;(2)中国1982年修订的WPPSI评价规范需要修改。Objective To investigate children＇s intelligence and its influencing factors in one kindergarten in order to facilitate understanding cognitive development in children. Methods One hundred and forty-five children （82 boys and 63 girls） in one kindergarten in Jintan participated in the study. Intelligence was meas- ured by intelligence quotient （IQ） using the WPPSI （Shanghai revised） and factors which may influence IQ included psychosocial background were collected from parental questionnaires. Results The mean scores of children＇s IQ in this kindergarten were （ 105.42 ± 10. 580） and were normally distributed. There were no gender differences in verbal intelligence quotient（VIQ）, performance intelligence quotient（PIQ）, and full intelligence quotient （FIQ） （P 〉 0.05）. Both male and female children＇s PIQ were significantly higher than their VIQ （P 〈 0.05 ）. The percent of IQ disassociation was 31.72% in the children, with 69.57% of children had PIQ higher than VIQ. However, children with the higher scores of PIQ than VIQ did not differ from other children in terms of FIQ （P 〉 0.05）. Both PIQ and VIQ were related to parents＇, education level （P 〈 0.01 ）, but no differences of IQ showed between city-born, town-born and countryside-born children, as well as between male and female children. Conclusions While overall IQ is normally distributed in this group, children in this cohorthad relatively superior performance skills. Further studies should be conducted to assess replicability of this finding and test the following competing hypotheses （1） increasing access to educational materials selectively enhances performance ability, or （2） the 1982 WPPSI norms for Chinese children are in need of revision.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 智力 影响因素 韦克斯勒量表 

分 类 号：R175[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]