水资源系统的弹塑性及其安全机理分析  

Elastoplasticity of Water Resources System and Its Safety Mechanism

作　　者：畅明琦[1] 刘俊萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国灌溉排水发展中心 [2]浙江工业大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2008年第4期28-36,共9页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(40501011);国家重点基础研究发展规划(“973”)项目(G1999043608)

摘　　要：针对水资源安全存在的问题,分析了"人"对水资源安全系统的作用,明确提出"人"是水资源安全的主体。运用弹塑性理论,提出了水资源安全系统的弹性与塑性内涵。在水资源安全系统的弹性范围,推导出水资源安全的平衡方程、相容方程和本构方程,并进而分析了水资源安全系统从安全状态到危险状态的转化过程,即系统表现出的弹性、弹塑性、塑性极限以及完全破坏状态模式,从数学和力学角度描述了水资源安全的机理。当"人"的扰动力大于水资源安全系统的弹性界限时,水资源安全系统就会出现塑性变形,即出现威胁水资源安全的问题,若扰动力进一步增大,水资源安全系统就会出现严重破坏或崩溃。Aiming at the problems of water resources safety, people＇s impact on water resources safety system is analyzed. It is put forward definitely that ＂people＂ is the main body of water resources safety. By applying the elastic-plasticity theory, the elastic and plastic connotation of water resources safety is proposed. In the elastic scope of water resources safety system, the balance equation, consistency equation and constitutive equation of water resources safety are deduced. And then, the conversion process of water resources safety system from safe state to dangerous state is analyzed, which accordingly shows elastic state, elastoplastic state, plastic limit state and complete break state. Finally, the mechanism of water resources safety is described from the angle of mathematics and mechanics, that is, when people＇s perturbation is bigger than the elastic boundary of water resources, the water resources system appears plastic transformation and the problem threatening water resources safety begins to appear. If the perturbation rises further, the water resources system will be immersed in a serious break or collapse state.

关 键 词：水资源安全 弹塑性 平衡方程 相容方程 本构关系 安全机理 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]