提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率的策略探讨  

INVESTIGATION ON THE STRATEGY OF INCREASING ADULTS' INOCULATION RATE OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE

作　　者：敦哲 富继业 汪玉珍 董淑兰 徐若辉 晁玉凤 

机构地区：[1]北京海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100037

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2008年第11期2135-2138,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]在实施新生儿乙肝疫苗计划免疫的同时,努力提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率。[方法]运用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取海淀区20～65岁组的不同职业人群共2700人为调查对象,采用问卷调查的形式了解其个人情况及乙肝疫苗注射情况,并进行一项包括13个问题(满分为13分)的"乙型肝炎防控知识问答"和"有关乙肝疫苗的问答"。[结果]医务人员的乙肝知识回答正确率及乙肝疫苗接种率明显高于非医务人员,两者之间差别有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。调查对象对乙肝的"病因、免疫预防"知识掌握最为不足。多因素分析显示,"乙型肝炎防控知识问答"的得分和乙肝疫苗接种的情况与人们的性别、职业、家庭收入、文化程度、职业、居住地等有关(P﹤0.01)。调查对象中有51.92%的人接种过乙肝疫苗,其中自愿接种乙肝疫苗占56.86%,单位组织接种占36.74%,医生建议仅占5.32%;在没有接种乙肝疫苗的人群中,不知道需要接种占的比例最高,为45.11%;有94.35%的人愿意免费接种乙肝疫苗。[结论]加强政府领导和资金投入,积极开展多种形式的健康教育,重点对农村地区、乙肝患者及其家属等高危人群的知识普及和提高乙肝疫苗预防的认知程度,增强医务人员乙肝防控综合能力,提高成人乙肝疫苗接种率就一定能实现。[Objective] To increase the inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine among adults, while enforcing the policy of planned immunity for all neonates. [ Methods ] Used the method of stratified cluster random sampling to acquire total 2 700 objects aged from 20 to 65 years with different professions. Collected personal information and hepatitis B vaccination status through questionnaires. The questionnaire included questions about how to prevent and control hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccine. [ Results] The correct rate of hepatitis B prevention questions for medical staff was statistically higher than that of the non-medical staff, likewise for the inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine. This survey showed that the objects least knew about the etiological and immuno-prophylaxis knowledge of hepatitis B. The results of multiplicity revealed that the scores of answering hepatitis B prevention questions were statistically related with sex, vocation, income, education, dwelling place, likewise for the probability of getting vaccination. 51.92% of all objects got the injection of hepatitis B vaccine. Among them, 56.86% were voluntary, 36.74% were injected as their workplaces required, and 5.32% were injected under the suggestion of doctors. 45.11% of not-injected people didn＇t know the necessity of injection. 94.35% were willing to get the vaccinate for free. [Conclusion] To achieve the objectives of increasing the adults＇ inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine, we should enforee the governmental instruction, spread the hepatitis B preventing knowledge and vaccine knowledge among high risk groups including the peasants and hepatitis B patients and their relatives, and enhance the medical staff＇s comprehensive capability to prevent and treat hepatitis B.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 成人乙肝疫苗 接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]