山区气候的立体性与农林牧的分层模式  

THE THREE DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERS OF MOUNTAINOUS CLIMATE AND THE ZONES DIVIDING MODEL OF AGRICULTURE-FOREST-ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

作　　者：王菱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家计划委员会自然资源综合考察委员会

出　　处：《地理研究》1997年第4期96-103,共8页Geographical Research

基　　金：中国科学院"八五"重点项目

摘　　要：对华北山区年平均温度和年降水推算的基础上，计算山区自然植被净第一性生产力的垂直分布，结合山区开发对象或作物的生物学指标，建立单因子和综合因子分层开发模式。华北山区分层种植模式一般分３～４层：１～２层（下中层）为农粮层，３～４层（中上层）为经济林和用材林层。山区综合开发利用方向是巩固下层，保护上层，重点开发利用中层的立体化模式。y taking the mountainous region of North China as an examplein, this paper established a zones dividing model of agriculture-forest-animal husbandry. The steps are as follows: First, the calculating equations of annual mean temperature and annual rainfall amount were established. The calculation results indicate that when the height increases by 100 m, the temperature will decrease by 0.59℃~0.70℃ and the rainfall will increase by 20 mm^120 mm, respectively. Second, accordiny to above the caculation results, the vertical distribution of Natural Vegetation Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was calculated, the results indicate that the distribution of NPP with height presents a parabolic curve. The maxmum value of NPP i.e. NPP (max) appeared at the middle-lower mountain slope and the height of NPP (max) rises when drought increases. Third, on the basis of biology, the zones dividing indexes were determined by single factor (temperature) and synthetical factors including cumulative temperature (∑x≥10℃), annual rainfall amount (R), frost-free season (N), drought index (K) and annual mean temperature (T). Finally, on the basis of above results, the zones dividing model was determined for mountionous regions of North China. In general, the model divides 3~4 zones: No.1~No.2 zones are agriculture-grain crops zones and No.3~No.4 are economic forests and commercial forests zone. The policy should be to sustain the development in the lower zones, to protect the upper zones, and to develop the middle zones.

关 键 词：山地气候 立体性 分层模式 农业 林业 牧业 

分 类 号：P463.21[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] F323.212[经济管理—产业经济]