增施氮钾和光照强度对不同品种莴笋光合特性和产量的效应  

Effect of nitrogen,potassium fertilizer enrichment and light intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different lettuce cultivars

作　　者：李会合[1] 田秀英[1] 王正银[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院生命科学系,重庆永川402168 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆北碚400716

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第3期564-569,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Sichuan 200201);重庆市科委攻关项目(2000-6208)资助。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验研究了增施氮钾和光照强度对不同品种莴笋光合特性和产量的效应。结果表明,增施氮、钾肥3个品种莴笋的净光合速率(Pn)增加,且随光照的增加而增加;其中以"双尖"的Pn最低,"大白甲"和"挂丝红"的Pn较高。不同施肥处理对"双尖"光合特性影响较小;"挂丝红"光合特性在低光照下以+K处理正效应较大,中、高光照下以+N处理正效应较大,这与增施氮、钾肥对"大白甲"光合特性的效应相反。3个莴笋品种产量随光照的增加而增加,产量以"挂丝红">"大白甲">"双尖"。3个光照强度下,+N、+K处理提高了不同品种莴笋产量。在高光照下,氮、钾增产效率以"双尖"最大,"大白甲"最小;中光照以"大白甲"最大;低光照以"挂丝红"最小。低光照下,莴笋施钾增产效率大于施氮;而中、高光照下,"大白甲"和"挂丝红"的施氮增产效率大于施钾,而"双尖"则相反。表明低光照下应控制氮肥施用量、适量增加钾肥用量;而在光照强度大的季节或条件下视莴笋(作物)品种特性适量增施氮肥和科学调控氮、钾肥的施用量比,可获得良好的增产效果。莴笋的产量与光合特性密切相关,以Pn、Chl a、Ci与产量间相关性较好。In a pot experiment, the effects of nitrogen, potassium fertilizer enrichment and light intensity on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different lettuce cultivars were studied. The results indicated that net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of lettuces was increased by adding nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and light intensity. The higher Pn was observed in ＂Dabaijia＂ and ＂Guasihong＂, and the lowest was in ＂Double tip＂. There was little effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of ＂Double tip＂. The higher photosynthetic characteristics of ＂Guasihong＂ was obtained in ＋ N treatment under low light, in ＋ K treatment under middle and high light, but for ＂Dabaijia＂ the effect was opposite. The yield of lettuce was in the order of ＂Guasihong＂ 〉 ＂Dabaijia＂ 〉 ＂Double tip＂ and increased with light intensity and application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Under high light, the highest and lowest yield increase efficiency of N and K was acquired in ＂Double tip＂ and ＂Dabaijia＂, respectively. ＂Dabaijia＂ had the highest efficiency under middle light, and ＂Guasihong＂ had the lowest efficiency under low light. The yield increase efficiency of N was higher than K under low light, but the latter was higher than the former in ＂Dabaijia＂ and ＂Guasihong＂, and the former was higher than the latter in ＂Double tip＂ under middle and high light intensity. It was important to control nitrogen application lev-el and increase potassium fertilizer level under low light to achieve high yield and better quality of lettuce, but the measure was contrary to that under middle and high light intensity. The correlation analysis showed photosynthetic characteristics and yield of lettuce were significantly correlated and the relationship between Pn, Chl a and Ci with yield were better.

关 键 词：氮钾 光照强度 莴笋 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]