当前说话人继续当前话轮的优先权——对Sacks等的会话话轮转换系统的修正  

The Current Speaker's Privilege to Proceed with his Turn: A Revision of Sacks et al.'s Turn-taking System

作　　者：刘兴兵[1] 廖美珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]郧阳医学院外语教研室,湖北郧阳442000 [2]华中师范大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2008年第5期56-61,共6页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：2005年度湖北省教育厅人文社科项目基金(2005q132);2006年度郧阳医学院校科研基金(2006QDJ18)

摘　　要：Sacks等提出的会话话轮转换系统忽略了下列事实,即:在话轮的第一转换关联位置,当前说话人拥有继续当前话轮的优先权。因此,本文对原话轮转换系统进行了修正,在话轮分配技巧部分,增加了当前说话人主动自我选择的技巧;在规则部分,增加了当前说话人可以主动自我选择、继续当前话轮的优先选项。本文认为,我们作为会话参与者的经验和语感,和规则中规定的当前说话人拥有的话轮分配权,证明了当前说话人的确拥有继续当前话轮的优先权;同时,说话人经常使用多种把持当前话轮的策略,这是当前说话人试图继续当前话轮的最明显证据;而且在具体日常英语和汉语会话中,当前说话人主动自我选择、继续当前话轮的现象确实具有普遍性。修正后的话轮转换系统在不损害原系统解释力的基础上,对轮番发话、重叠、话轮长度、话轮的相对分布等会话现象提供了更详细、更令人信服的解释,证明了它的优越性和全面性。The author Sacks et al. ＇s proposes that turn-taking system for conversation neglects the following fact： that is, at the initial TRP of a turn the current speaker has the privilege to hold the floor and continue the current turn. To make up for this defect, the author has made revisions to two of three components of Sacks et al. ＇s turn-taking system. To the component of turn allocation techniques, the technique of current speaker＇s active self-selection is added; to the component of turn-taking rules the supplement is the first-order option of the current speaker＇s self-selection to continue the current turn. The author holds that the following factors justify this revision. First, the intuition and experience of ours, both as conversationalists and as conversation analysts, and the current speaker＇s fight of turn-allocation prescribed by the turn-taking rules, strongly support the assertion that the current speaker has the privilege to self-select to continue the current turn. Second, the measures adopted by the current speaker to hold the current floor are the most striking and direct evidence for the current speaker＇s intention, and consequently his right, to continue the current turn. Third, investigations of the instances of the English and Chinese natural conversations have shown that the phenomena of long turns resulting from the current speaker＇s active self-selection are prevalent. The revised turn-taking system for conversation has rendered more systematic and convincing explanations for the basic facts in conversation discovered by Sacks and his associates, thus proving its superiority over the original system.

关 键 词：话轮转换系统 会话 修正 当前说话人主动自我选择 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]