腐霉枯萎病菌毒素在坪草抗病性筛选中的应用研究  

Using the toxin of Pythium aphanidermatum to screen turfgrasses with disease resistance

作　　者：杨亚君[1] 陶晡[1] 李川[2] 边秀举[3] 张金林[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学学报编辑部,河北保定071001 [3]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《草业学报》2008年第3期93-98,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：河北省自然基金(C2007000464);河北农业大学博士基金项目资助

摘　　要：为了快速鉴定坪草的抗病性，本研究利用坪草腐霉枯萎病菌毒素对坪草进行了抗病性鉴定。根、茎抑制率试验表明，多年生黑麦草中英斯派对该毒素的敏感性最强，10倍液对其根、茎抑制率分别为46．3％和86．1％。而草地早熟禾的抗性最强，其中阔雅对该毒素的敏感性最低，10倍液对根、茎抑制率分别为5．5％和30．1％。活体、离体生物测定结果表明草地早熟禾对腐霉病抗性最强，表现为1级，属于抗性品系，其次为高羊茅，为2～3级，匍匐剪股颖为3级，属于敏感品系，多年生黑麦草为3～4级，属于较敏感品系，综合评定阔雅和英斯派分别为抗病和感病品种。对抗、感品种进行防御酶类（SOD、POD、CAT）比活变化测定，结果显示，阔雅出现活性峰的时间要比英斯派早12-36h，而且阔雅细胞内SOD、POD、CAT的比活分别比英斯派高38．8％，59．1％和89．5％。The toxin of Pythium aphanidermatum was used to rapidly screen turfgrasses for disease resistance. The inhibition effect of the toxin to roots and stems of turfgrasses showed that Lolium perenne cv. Inspire was the most sensitive variety and the inhibiting effect of ten multiples of toxin to roots and stems of Inspire was 46.3% and 86.1%, respectively. The corresponding inhibitions to the most resistant variety （Poa pratensis cv. Courtyard） were 5.5% and 30.1%. In vitro and in vivo bioassays showed that P. pratensis was the most resistant species to P. aphanidermatum （rating 1） followed by Festuca arundinacea elata Keng （rating 2-3）, and that Agrostis stolonifera （rating 3）, was the sensitive species. A comparison of defense enzyme （SOD, POD, CAT） activities in resistant and sensitive varieties showed that the peak values of Courtyard appeared earlier （20-36 h） than those of Inspire, and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in cells of Courtyard were higher than those of Inspire by about 38.8%, 59.1%, and 89.5% respectively.

关 键 词：毒素 抗病性 草坪草 腐霉菌 生物测定 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]