稻麦两熟制不同耕作方式与秸秆还田土壤肥力的综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of tillage and straw returning on soil fertility in a wheat-rice double cropping system

作　　者：刘世平[1] 陈后庆[1] 聂新涛[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 张洪程[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2008年第5期51-56,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化基金(02EFN3200230);科技部重点攻关项目(2004BA520A03);科技部国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD02A03);农业部重大研究专项(060305B)

摘　　要：该文通过大田小区和网室水泥池微区3年的定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕套播秸秆覆盖NTS、免耕套播高茬NT、翻耕秸秆还田CTS、翻耕秸秆不还田CK共4个处理对土壤肥力的影响,并运用数值化方法综合评价土壤肥力。结果表明:免耕和秸秆还田可提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等土壤养分含量,且主要是0～7 cm增加造成的。土壤肥力数值化综合评价表明,土壤肥力免耕秸秆覆盖好于免耕高茬,翻耕秸秆还田好于翻耕不还田,不同处理养分肥力指标以免耕秸秆覆盖处理最高,翻耕不还田最低;但综合肥力指标却以翻耕秸秆还田最高,免耕高茬最低,主要受土壤容重影响。从不同层次看,综合肥力指标和养分肥力指标均以上层0～7 cm较高,下层14～21 cm较低,尤其免耕秸秆覆盖和免耕高茬处理。An experiment of four treatments （no-tillage ＋ straw mulching, NTS; no-tillage ＋ high stubble remaining, NT; conventional tillage ＋ straw incorporation, CTS and conventional tillage ＋ no straw returning, CK） was designed to investigate the effect of tillage and straw returning on soil fertility in a wheat-rice double cropping system. The experiment was conducted under field condition and micro-plots in isolated concrete ponds for three consecutive years. Results show that no tillage plus straw returning significantly increases the nutrients content of soil organic matter, available P and K, especially for those at the 0～7 cm soil layer. Compared with CK treatment, the NTS and NT increase soil bulk density. The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility indicates that nutrient fertility index （NFI）, is the highest under NTS, and the lowest under CT. However, affected by bulk density, integrated fertility index （IFI） is the highest under CTS treatment, and the lowest under NT treatment. Viewed from layers, IFI and NFI are higher in the upper layer（0～7 cm）, lower at 14～21 cm layer, especially for those NTS and NT treatment.

关 键 词：稻麦两熟 土壤耕作 秸秆还田 土壤肥力 综合评价 

分 类 号：S513.06[农业科学—作物学]