2006年冬半年我国霾天气特征分析  

Study on Haze Weather in China during Winter-time of 2006

作　　者：周宁芳 李峰 饶晓琴 杨克明 

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2008年第6期81-88,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国气象局2007年多轨道业务建设项目"大气成份数值预报业务系统建设"资助

摘　　要：利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2006年10月至2007年2月我国霾天气的时空分布、环流形势特征和霾天气过程中气象要素的变化特征进行了统计和天气学分析。结果表明:2006年10月、12月、1月和2月是我国霾频发时期,11—14时发生的范围最大。霾主要发生在中阻塞、南支槽和纬向型三种不同的环流形势下。霾天气发生时的气象要素分布存在南北区域性差异,其中湿度的差别最为显著。14时华南地区相对湿度最大值为80%左右,长江中下游地区为70%,而华北地区只有60%。24小时气压减弱有利霾的发生。华北地区24小时负变温,而长江以南地区正变温时,霾更容易发生。能见度最小值的分布表明,广东、黄淮等部分地区发生霾时能见度较其他区域更小,只有2km左右。这些对于了解霾的发生规律和预报具有重要意义。The spatial-temporal characteristics, the background of atmospheric circulations and the relevant physical elements of the haze weather are statistically analyzed based on the observational data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data during the period from October 2006 to February of the next year. The results show that higher frequency of the haze occurs in October, December, January and February, and a high incidence of haze mainly occurs at about 11：00 - 14：00. The main synoptic situations of haze are partitioned into three types, namely the blocking high over middle latitude pattern, southern branch trough pattern and zonal circulation pattern. The physical elements exhibit variations form north to south, especially obvious in humidity. During haze occurrence at 14pm, relative humidity is less than 80% in Huanan Region, 70% in the middle-low valley of the Yangtze River, less than 60 % parts of Guangdong Province and Huanghuai forming mechanism and to establish forecast in Huabei Region. The visibility is relatively low in Region. Above results are valuable to understand the system of haze.

关 键 词：霾 时空分布 环流形势 气象要素 

分 类 号：P45[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P425.42