有益微生物对海水养虾池浮游生物生态特征的影响研究  

Study on the influences of probiotics on ecological characteristics of plankton in the maricultural ponds

作　　者：张汉华[1] 李卓佳 郭志勋[1] 贾晓平[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室

出　　处：《南方水产》2005年第2期7-14,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省2000年科技创新百强项目(2KB05401N)

摘　　要：研究了有益微生物对海水虾池浮游生物生态特征的影响。通过对虾养殖系统中浮游动物与浮游植物进行为期3个月的监测,结果表明试验组虾池的浮游植物密度表现为前期低,中期迅速增长,后期达顶峰,并维持在70×106～160×106cell·L-1的水平,前期种类以硅藻类为主,后期则以绿藻类为主;同时试验池浮游动物的密度也保持稳定增长态势,并在养殖后期维持在顶峰水平,密度达到25×103～30×103ind·m-3,种类以广盐、适低盐的沿岸种为主,但优势种明显;对照池的浮游植物和浮游动物呈现前期低后期高的态势。其变化差异表现为对照组的浮游植物和浮游动物在后期的密度变动起伏较大,且出现较大比例的有害的兰藻类,而试验池的兰藻类只占较少的比例,说明芽孢杆菌群能抑制兰藻类的繁殖,促进有益藻类生长;浮游生物的多样性指数较低,低于自然海区,但种类均匀度则较高,与自然海区相当。The influences of probiotics on ecological characteristics of plankton in the shrimp growing ponds were studied. The zooplankton and phytoplankton in the shrimp culture system had been investigated for three months. The results showed phytoplankton density was low in early period with the dominant species of diatom, and increased rapidly from middle stage, and reached the peak with quantities of 70 × 10^6 - 160 ×10^6 cell·L^-1 and phytoplankton population mainly composed of chlorophyta, while density of zooplankton increased steadily and maintained the highest level of 25 × 10^3 -30× 10^3 ind·m^-3 in the later stage. The main species were euryhalinous and coastal species, and the dominant species were very evident. In the control pond, the density of phytoplankton and zooplankton was lower in the early stage than that in the later stage and was less stable than that in the experiment pond in the later stage, the density of Cyanobacteria of pernicious algae which is harmful to shrimp culture was higher than in the experiment pond in the later stage. The results indicated that Bacillus could inhibit the reproduction of Cyanobacteria and promote the growth of beneficial algae. The plankton diversity index of shrimp pond was lower than that of nature waters, and species evenness was similar to that of natural waters.

关 键 词：有益微生物 海水虾池 浮游生物 多样性指数 优势种 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]