东北主要树种心材与边材的生长特征  

Growth Characteristics of Heartwood and Sapwood of the Major Tree Species in Northeastern China

作　　者：王兴昌[1] 王传宽[1] 张全智[1] 李世业[1] 李国江[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林业科学》2008年第5期102-108,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金项目(30625010);国家林业局948项目(2006-4-19)

摘　　要：以东北东部山区温带森林的7个主要组成树种——红松、兴安落叶松、春榆、水曲柳、胡桃楸、黄菠萝和蒙古栎为研究对象,比较分析各树种心材和边材的生长特征。结果表明:树种显著地(P<0.001)影响边材年轮数和边材宽度,红松、水曲柳、兴安落叶松、胡桃楸、春榆和黄菠萝的平均边材年轮数分别为9.6、9.5、7.9、6.8、5.0和3.9年,其平均边材宽度分别为1.96、1.27、2.55、1.06、0.72和0.46cm。被测针叶树边材宽度明显大于阔叶树。心材年轮数与形成层年龄、心材半径和边材宽度与树干去皮半径均存在着极显著的正相关关系(P<0.0001),而边材年轮数随形成层年龄的变化规律因树种而异。心材形成速率和心材起始树龄因树种而异,分别波动在0.677～1.041a-1和4.3～8.5年。随树干高度增大心材半径和木质部半径递减,边材宽度则在树干基部异常大,1～2m向上保持相对稳定。心材年轮数随树高递减,但边材年轮数的变化因树种而异,红松边材年轮数递减,落叶松先增后减,水曲柳先减后增,春榆、胡桃楸和黄菠萝的变化很小。各树种心材和边材特征的显著差异,可以反映出其生长状况、水分利用对策、物质生产等方面的差异。The transformation of sapwood to heartwood is an important physiological process in most tree species. Exploring the growth characteristics of heartwood/sapwood provides insights for understanding tree water relations, carbon metabolism, growth/ yield modeling and wood use. In this paper, growth and development of heartwood and sapwood were studied for seven major tree species in northeastern China. They were Korean Pine （ Pinus koraiensis ）, Dahurian Larch （ Larix gmelinii ）, Japanese Elm （ Ulmus japonica ）, Manchurian Ash （ Fraxinus mandshurica ）, Manchurian Walnut （ Juglans mandshurica ） , Amur Cork-tree （ Phellodendron amurense） and Mongolian Oak （ Quercus mongolica）. Ten trees for each species were sampled based on their diameter distribution. For each sampled tree, one disc every 1 m section along the bole was taken and determined for the width and rings of heartwood and sapwood with Windendro2003 （ Regent Instruments Co., Canada）. The results indicated that tree species significantly （P 〈 0.001 ） affected sapwood ring number （SRN） and sapwood width （SW）. The mean SRN for Korean Pine, Manchurian Ash, Dahurian Larch, Manchurian Walnut, Japanese Elm and Amur Cork-tree were 9.6,9.5,7.9,6.8,5.0 and 3.9 a, respectively; the mean SW were 1.96, 1.27,2.55, 1.06,0.72 and 0.46 cm, correspondingly. The SW for the conifers was overall greater than that for the broad-leaved species. The heartwood ring number （HRN） was significantly positively correlated to cambial age （CA）, heartwood radius （HR） and SW were strongly positively correlated to xylem radius （XR）＇ However,the relationship between SRN and CA was species-dependent. The heartwood formation rate （HFR） and heartwood initiation age （HIA）, depending on tree species, varied from 0.677 - 1.041 a^-1 and 4.3 - 8.5 a, respectively. As the tree height increased, the HR decreased, but the SRN changed with species. With an increase of tree height, the SRN for the Korean Pine decreased, and those for Ja

关 键 词：心材 边材 边心材转化 温带森林 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]